广东、广西天然气价格形成机制改革试点方案剖析  

Analysis of the pilot program for natural gas pricing mechanism reform in Guangdong and Guangxi

作　　者：吴灿奇[1] 杨建红[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国石化天然气分公司 [2]中国石油规划总院

出　　处：《国际石油经济》2012年第6期22-27,109-110,共6页International Petroleum Economics

摘　　要：2011年底,国家发展改革委发出通知,决定自2011年12月26日起,在广东省、广西自治区开展天然气价格形成机制改革试点(简称天然气定价试点方案)。天然气定价通常包括成本加成法、市场净回值法以及成本加成与市场净回值混合定价三种方法,国家发改委推出的天然气定价试点方案采用的是市场净回值法。天然气定价试点方案在定价方法、价格与市场的关系、价格与供需关系等方面取得突破,同时在省级管网定价、区域价格、LNG销售等方面面临挑战。为了促进我国天然气价格形成机制的不断完善,建议:1)坚定不移地推进我国天然气价格形成机制的市场化进程;2)在定价公式中设置"天花板价"和"地板价",即形成S型价格曲线;3)未来适时增加一个或者两个市场中心;4)适时考虑将非常规气纳入天然气价格形成机制中;5)2015年前全面实施新的价格机制,2015-2020年进一步完善天然气价格形成机制。At the end of 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission issued a notice stating that the pilot reform of the natural gas pricing mechanism (the'pilot program') would be implemented in Guangdong Province and Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from 2011-12-26. There are normally three methods for natural gas pricing: the cost plus method, the netback method and the mixed pricing method using cost plus and netback. The pilot program launched by the National Development and Reform Commission adopted the netback method. Although breakthroughs have been made in pricing methods, the relationship between prices and the market, and the relationship between prices and supply & demand, the pilot program faces challenges from provincial pipe network pricing, regional prices and sale of LNG etc. In order to continuously improve China's natural gas pricing mechanism, it is advised to: 1) Strongly promote China's market-oriented gas pricing process; 2) Set a 'ceiling price' and 'floor price' in the pricing formula, i.e., form an S-shaped price curve; 3) Establish another one or two market centers in the future, as appropriate; 4) Incorporate unconventional gas into the gas pricing mechanism, as appropriate; 5) Implement the new pricing mechanism in an all-round way by 2015; further improve the gas pricing mechanism in 2015-2020.

关 键 词：天然气 价格形成机制 试点 成本加成 净回值法 终端价格 

分 类 号：F426.22[经济管理—产业经济]