干旱区灌溉及施肥措施下棉田土壤的呼吸特征  

Respiration characteristics of cotton soil under irrigation and fertilization measures in arid region

作　　者：张前兵[1] 杨玲[1] 孙兵[1] 张旺锋[1] 罗宏海[1] 张亚黎[1] 王进 

机构地区：[1]石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,石河子832003 [2]新疆乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站,石河子832003

出　　处：《农业工程学报》2012年第14期77-84,共8页Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering

基　　金：教育部高等学校博士学科点专项科研基金(20116518110002);国家重点基础研究前期研究专项(2006CB708401)

摘　　要：为探讨干旱区不同灌溉方式及施肥措施对棉田土壤呼吸速率的影响及其与水热的关系,在新疆绿洲农田棉花生长季设滴灌和漫灌2种灌溉方式,每种灌溉方式设有机肥(OM)、氮磷钾化肥(NPK)、氮磷钾化肥与有机肥配施(NPK+OM)3种施肥处理,以不施肥处理为对照(CK),对不同灌溉方式及施肥措施下土壤呼吸速率及土壤温度、土壤含水率进行了测定和分析。结果表明,不同灌溉方式及施肥措施下,棉田土壤呼吸速率具有明显的季节变化特征,在7月中旬达到峰值,10月中旬降至最低;日变化呈单峰曲线,盛花期峰值出现在15:00～17:00,盛铃期峰值均出现在15:00,最低值均出现在04:00。滴灌各施肥处理平均土壤呼吸速率显著大于漫灌,施肥处理间平均土壤呼吸速率大小顺序为(NPK+OM)>OM>CK>NPK,灌溉与施肥互作条件下,滴灌方式下NPK+OM处理平均土壤呼吸速率最大。滴灌和漫灌方式下各施肥处理的温度敏感性系数(Q10值)平均值分别为2.03和2.43,不同年份漫灌Q10值均大于滴灌。不同灌溉方式及施肥措施下,用复合方程预测土壤呼吸速率的准确性较高,R2值均在0.64～0.72。综合考虑土壤温度和土壤含水率对土壤呼吸速率的影响,能够提高区域土壤呼吸作用研究的准确性。To discuss the soil respiration rate and its relationship with soil temperature and moisture,two different irrigation methods including drip irrigation and flood irrigation and four fertilizer treatments including organic manure（OM）,N P K fertilizer（NPK）,combined application of NPK fertilizer and organic manure（NPK＋OM）,and no fertilization（CK） were arranged during cotton growth period in Xinjiang oasis.Soil respiration rate,soil temperature and soil moisture were measured and analyzed under different irrigation methods and fertilizer treatments.The results showed that soil respiration rate of cotton field exhibited a significant seasonal variation feature,and soil respiration rate reached a peak in mid-July and reduced to the minimum in mid-October after cotton harvest;The diurnal variations of soil respiration rate showed a single peak curve,and the highest peak of full flowering stage appeared at 15：00-17：00 and full bolling stage appeared at 15：00 and the minimum value appeared at 04：00.Soil respiration rate under drip irrigation was larger than that under flood irrigation,and the soil respiration rate with（NPK＋OM） treatment was the highest,and then followed by OM,CK and NPK among the fertilizer treatments.The average temperature sensitivities of soil respiration under drip and flood irrigation were 2.03 and 2.43,respectively.The Q 10 value under drip irrigation was larger than that under flood irrigation.Under different irrigation and fertilizer measures,compound equation could predicted soil respiration rate,and the coefficient of determination was 0.64-0.72.Considering the effects of soil temperature and soil moisture content on soil respiration rate could improve the accuracy of the research into regional soil respiration rate.

关 键 词：棉花 灌溉 土壤 干旱区 施肥 土壤呼吸 土壤温度 土壤水分 

分 类 号：S143[农业科学—肥料学]