吉林省长春市城乡社区老年人健康状况调查分析及比较  

Investigation and comparison of health conditions of old people in Changchun urban and rural community of Jilin Province

作　　者：刘淑香[1] 李波[2] 刘丽影[3] 单志军[1] 张金勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]吉林大学护理学院实验中心,吉林长春130021 [2]吉林大学公共卫生学院流行病与卫生统计学教研室,吉林长春130021 [3]吉林省肿瘤医院泌尿外科,吉林长春130012

出　　处：《吉林大学学报（医学版）》2012年第4期800-804,共5页Journal of Jilin University：Medicine Edition

基　　金：吉林大学哲学跨学科研究项目资助课题(2006kxk06)

摘　　要：目的:通过调查长春市城乡社区老年人健康状况,分析其影响因素,为社区老年人疾病预防和社区卫生服务提供决策依据。方法:本次调查方法利用分层抽样和系统抽样相结合的方法对位于长春市朝阳区的桂林路社区、城乡结合处的净月开发区及德惠县三胜乡姜家村社区的600名老人进行问卷调查和体格检查。所有调查人员由经过严格培训的公共卫生学院研究生、护理学院的教师及学生组成。根据老年护理学日常生活能力表(ADL)和美国波士顿研究所的简明健康调查问卷(SF-36)自行设计老年健康状况调查表。调查表由人口统计学资料、身体健康状况、经济状况及社区卫生服务4部分组成。研究采取频数分布、率、构成比等描述性方法,统计分析采用SPSS13.0统计软件,比较长春市桂林路社区、城乡结合处净月社区及德惠三胜乡姜家村社区老人的健康状况。结果:本次调查老年人慢性病患病率为77.14%,城市、城乡结合部及农村慢性病患病率分别为87.36%、83.61%和71.22%;各种慢性病患病率依次为:心脏病51.43%,高血压36.96%,关节炎34.11%,脑血管病28.04%,呼吸系统疾病23.04%,白内障8.04%,恶性肿瘤3.92%,帕金森病1.42%,残疾0.53%。老年人患2种或2种以上慢性病的总患病率为67.30%。位于前4位的疾病为高血压、心脏病、脑血管病和关节炎,其患病率城市明显高于农村和城乡结合处(P<0.001)。结论:长春市城乡社区老年人慢性病患病率较高,应大力加强社区医务工作者对老年人的预防保健指导,提高老年人的健康水平。Objective To investigate the health condition of the old people in the urban and rural communities of Changchun city,and to analyze its influencing factors and provide evidence for elderly to prevent related diseases and the government to make care strategies.Methods ADL scale,SF-36 scale and self-designed questionnaire were used to investigate 600 old people from Guilin Road community in urban,Jingyue Development community in the urban and rural junction and Jiangjia community in rural by grading and systematic sampling.Some physical examinations were performed at the same time.SPSS 13.0 software was adopt to deal with the data and compare the conditions of the three communities.Results The morbidity of chronic diseases in old people was 77.14%,and they were 87.36%,83.61% and 71.22% in urban,urban and rural junction and rural communities.The morbidities of various chronic diseases were as follow：heart disease 51.43%,hypertension 36.96%,arthritis 34.11%,cerebrovascular diseases 28.04%,respiratory diseases 23.04%,cataract 8.04%,malignant tumors 3.92%,Parkinson’s disease 1.42%,disability 0.53%.The old people who had at least two kinds of chronic diseases occupied 67.30%.The downtown community had higer morbidities of hypertension,heart disease,cerebrovascular diseases and arthritis than the other two communities（P〈0.001）.Conclusion The old people of Changchun communities has higher morbidity of chronic diseases.The medical workers in community health service center should provide more health guidance to improve the old people’s health.

关 键 词：城乡社区 老年人 健康状况 分析比较 

分 类 号：R161.7[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]