高水平公路自行车运动员急性低氧运动时脑氧饱和度变化特征研究  

Change of Characteristics of Cerebral Oxygen during Acute Hypoxic Exercise in Elite Road Race Cyclists

作　　者：徐飞[1] 马国东[2] 李岳[3] 

机构地区：[1]浙江工业大学体育科学研究所,浙江杭州310023 [2]吉林体育学院运动人体科学系,吉林长春130022 [3]清华大学医学院生物医学工程系,北京100084

出　　处：《天津体育学院学报》2012年第3期214-218,共5页Journal of Tianjin University of Sport

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(项目编号:60578004)

摘　　要：目的：通过近红外光谱学技术观察公路自行车运动员急性低氧运动时脑氧饱和度变化特征，以期为该项目科学化训练提供参考。方法：采用交叉设计，15名优秀公路赛自行车运动员（9男6女）于常氧和急性低氧环境下进行递增负荷运动，运动过程中连续监测其通气功能、动脉血氧饱和度和脑组织氧饱和度的变化。结果：（1）运动员低氧下出现无氧阈和最大摄氧量时对应的通气指标和血氧饱和度都显著低于常氧对应值。（2）低氧下，从开始运动到力竭时脑氧饱和度呈△[O：Hb]降低、△[HHb]和△[THb]升高的趋势。在25％、50％、75％和100％相对功率等级时，△[O2Hb]和A[THb]显著低于常氧值，△[HHb]显著高于常氧值。A[THb]在75％～100％最大功率阶段，脑氧变化较小。（3）低氧下，相对功率和绝对功率对应的脑氧饱和度都显著大于常氧对应值。结论：自行车运动员常氧运动时脑氧饱和度在50％～75％最大功率区间维持在较高水平，而低氧下脑氧饱和度显著降低。低氧时相对运动强度变大、运动低氧血症（EIAH）和通气不足可能是脑氧显著降低的直接原因。故提高自行车运动员低氧通气反应有利于提高其脑氧饱和度，从而提高其有氧能力和运动成绩。Purpose： To observe the changes of cerebral oxygen of elite road race cyclists during acute hypoxic exercise duration, so as to supply some refer- ences for scientific evaluation and training. Methods： The study was conducted using a cross-over design. To investigate the changes of hypoxic responses, arterial oxygen saturation and cerebral oxygen when 15 elite cyclists （9 male and 6 female） were performed maximal incremental exercise test under nor- moxia and hypoxia. Results： （1） In hypoxia, the ventilatory parameters and SpO2 are significantly lower than relative normoxic values. （2） In hypoxia, the cyclists exercise to exhausting, the cerebral oxygen appeared the tendency of A[O2I-Ib] decrease, A[HHb] and A[THb] increase. And the A[O2Hb] and A [THb] are significant lower than normoxic values, and the A[HHb] is significant higher than normoxic values in 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% peak power. In addition, although A [THb] is no obvious changes when cyclists exercise by 75%-100% peak power in hypoxia and normoxia, and to incline to flatten. （3） In hypoxia, the cerebral oxygen changes are significant higher than normoxic values regardless of relative and absolute exercise intensity. Conclusions： In normoxia, cerebral oxygen maintained at relative high level in 50%-70% peak power exercise intensity. And significantly lower in hypoxia exercise. The, exercise induced arterial hypoxemia （EIAH） and hypoventilation caused by increase of relative exercise intensity might be the direct reason that result the cerebral oxygen significantly reduced. Thus, the enhancement of hypoxic ventilation response （HVR） is an important physiological mechanism of maintaining cerebral oxygen in normal range, indicated that HVR increasing is benefit to improving the cyclists aerobic ability and performance.

关 键 词：急性低氧运动 公路赛自行车运动员 近红外光谱学技术 脑氧饱和度 

分 类 号：G804.7[文化科学—运动人体科学]