播期密度对不同小麦品种群体茎数及产量的影响  

Effect of Sowing Date and Density on Stem Number and Yield of Different Wheat Variety

作　　者：蒋会利 

机构地区：[1]咸阳市农业科学研究院,陕西咸阳712034

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第6期67-73,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：现代农业产业技术体系专项经费(CARS-3-2)

摘　　要：参照四水平五因素正交L16(45)设计,研究品种、播期与密度对小麦总茎数和产量及产量构成因素的影响。结果表明,冬前,密度对小麦基本苗影响最大,播期对分蘖数和总茎数影响最大;春季,品种对单株茎数、总茎数和成穗数影响最大。品种对产量三要素影响显著,播期对穗数和千粒质量影响显著,对穗粒数影响不显著,密度对千粒质量影响显著,对穗数和穗粒数影响均不显著。播期对小麦产量影响最大,其次为品种,密度影响最小。适宜的播期在10月4日至10月10日,随着播期后移,小麦产量明显下降,中麦895是本试验中获得高产的最优品种。合理的种植密度为210万～270万/hm2,小麦处于最佳品种、播期、密度组合时,小麦冬前、春季群体总茎数最多,小麦获得最高产,产量达9 000kg/hm2。In order to study effect of wheat varieties, sowing date and density on the yield and yield components, wheat varieties, sowing date and rate were employed to study difference of winter and/or spring total stem number of wheat population, yield and yield components by using orthogonal experimental design of four level five factors L16 （42）. The result showed that, before winter, sowing rate had the greatest influence on basic seedlings while sowing date had the greatest contributions to total stem number; during spring, different varieties contributed significantly to single stem, ear number and total stem number. The effect of varieties on yield 3 factors was attracting whereas the effect of sowing date on spike number and 1000 grain mass was obvious, but not the same on grains per ear. The effect of sowing rate on 1000 grain mass was significant, but not great on spike number and grains per ear. Sowing date had the greatest contributions to yield, whilst varieties and sowing influ- ence decreased progressively. Thus the optimal sowing date was between October 4th and October 10th, then the yield obviously declined when the sowing date put off. Wheat 895 was the excellent va- riety to have high yield. The proper sowing rate was between 210 × 10^4 and 270×10^4 per hm2 since the sowing density was too high or too low to have high yield. With best variety, best sowing date and rate and best population of winter and/or spring properties, the wheat yield was up to 9 000 kg/hm2.

关 键 词：小麦 播期 密度 正交试验 产量 

分 类 号：S512.12[农业科学—作物学]