三个世界,三个问题——对沈家煊《三个世界》的语言哲学思考  

Three Worlds and Three Questions:A Philosophical Response to Shen Jiaxuan's “Physical World,Mental World,and Linguistic World”

作　　者：杜世洪[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学,重庆400715

出　　处：《当代外语研究》2012年第7期9-13,76,共5页Contemporary Foreign Language Studies

基　　金：国家社科项目"话语理解中他心语境与语义连贯的互动关系研究"(编号12BYY122)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：沈家煊关于三个世界并行的观点,不仅具有哲学渊源,而且还有一定的话语解释力。"天地"、"人心"和"言语"分别对应着"物理世界"、"心理世界"和"语言世界"。这三个世界不仅并行,而且还以心理世界为联系中介,彰显着"行域"、"知域"和"言域"的关系。根据这一认识,本文对具有语言哲学思辨性质的三个语言问题进行解释。这三个问题是:"覃某假装摇头说‘不知道’"这类语句的理据是什么?为什么"没有长度的棍子"说得出却想象不出?为什么疯子的话语在语句上正确而在语篇上却不连贯?通过对这三个问题进行语言哲学的概念考察而得出结论:话语互动是三个世界并行的实际反映,三个世界随着话语互动的进行而并行;心理世界以物理世界为基础,以语言世界为体现形式;发生在心理世界的概念整合不仅是物理世界的反映,而且还拓宽了语言世界的疆域。Shen Jiaxuan's view of a correspondence among three worlds not only has philosophical foundations but also harbors an accounting power for discourse interpretation.According to Shen Jiaxuan,'terrestrial space','human mind' and 'linguistic utterance' are respectively in accordance with 'the physical world','the mental world' and 'the linguistic world'.The three worlds,with the mental one as the mediator,are in parallel in verbal interaction.Based on this view,the present article attempts to tackle three philosophically-speculative questions:What's the justification for the natural expression 'pretending to shake one's head'? Why is 'a length-less stick' possible in the linguistic world but impossible both in the physical and mental worlds? Why is a psychiatric patient unable to achieve coherence while he is able to produce grammatical sentences? After a thorough conceptual investigation into the mechanism disclosed from the three questions,a conclusion is drawn as follows:Verbal interaction displays the correspondence among the three worlds,with which discourse is carried on between discourse participants.As for the correspondence of the three worlds,the physical world is the foundation of the two,the linguistic world is the realization of the two,and the mental world,which is the mediator between the other two,is in charge of conceptual blending so as to mirror the physical world and expand the linguistic bounds as well.

关 键 词：沈家煊 语言哲学 三个世界 概念整合 话语解释力 

分 类 号：H146.3[语言文字—汉语]