论外交保护的国籍持续要求及其例外规则  

On the Nationality Continuity in Diplomatic Protection and Its Exceptions

作　　者：张磊[1] 

机构地区：[1]华东政法大学国际法学院,上海200042

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2012年第4期125-134,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

基　　金：上海市教育委员会重点学科建设项目"国际法学"(项目批准号:J51103);上海高校青年教师培养资助计划"外交保护中跨国公司国籍认定法律制度研究"(项目批准号:hdzf10003)资助;华东政法大学新进博士科研启动资助项目"外交保护中跨国公司国籍认定法律制度研究"的阶段性成果之一

摘　　要：外交保护是国家保护海外国民最重要的法律手段之一。国家实施外交保护的首要前提是国籍持续,即个人或公司从发生损害之日到求偿提出之日持续地具有保护国国籍。如果在上述两个时间点上个人或公司都具有保护国国籍,那么可以推定这期间的国籍状态是持续不断的。在满足一定条件后,国籍持续可以存在例外,其中"国家继承"和"公司因损害而终止存在"是较为特殊的情况。但就个人而言,国籍变更后,现国籍国不得针对原国籍国就该受害者所受到的损害实施外交保护,除非原国籍国放弃反对的权利。中国的政府声明没有明确涉及该问题。因此,我国有必要在该领域进一步完善自身的法律规范与外交政策。For centuries, diplomatic protection has been one of the most important methods to protect na- tionals. The primary premise for diplomatic protection in nationality continuity is that individuals or com- panies should continuously keep the nationality of the country to protect them from the day when the dam- age occurs to the day when the claim for damage is put forward. If individuals or companies have the na- tionality of a country to protect them on the two days said above, the nationality can be considered contin- uously kept. Exceptions are permitted if some requirements are satisfied. Succession of state and a company＇s inexistence for damage are special exceptions. But as far as an individual is concerned, the state of the present nationality can not provide protection against the state of the former nationality after the individual changes the nationality except that the state of the former nationality gives up its right to op- pose. The statement of the Chinese government does not mention the problems. Therefore, it is necessary for China to further perfect the laws and policies.

关 键 词：外交保护 国籍持续 联合国国际法委员会 《外交保护条款草案》 中国 

分 类 号：D993.7[政治法律—国际法学]