垄作稻田生态系统对三峡库区坡面径流中氮、磷的消纳以及降雨强度的影响  

Sequestration of Nitrogen and Phosphorus and Rainfall Intensity Influence in Rice-based Ecosystems of the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

作　　者：梁斐斐[1] 蒋先军[1] 袁俊吉[1] 何炳辉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西南大学资源环境学院,重庆400716

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2012年第3期7-11,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07104-003);国家科技支撑计划项目(2012BAD15B04-003)

摘　　要：通过田间试验测定坡面径流进入稻田生态系统后,面积约200m2的垄作稻田对径流中氮、磷的消纳效果。径流灌入水田后24h,径流中TN和颗粒态氮浓度分别下降了60.1%～88.0%和91.2%～98.7%,且各处理之间没有显著差异。大雨产生的径流中TN浓度显著高于中雨和小雨,径流进入水田后田面水中TN浓度高于小雨和中雨径流进入水田后田面水中TN浓度,但是这种差异仅仅体现在前3h。径流样品刚刚加入后,水田田面水中颗粒态氮占较高的比例,颗粒态氮占TN的43.5%～87.7%。随着时间的推移,颗粒态氮占TN的比例逐渐下降,其他形态氮素所占的比例逐渐上升,径流样品加入后24h,颗粒态氮占TN的比例下降至10.2%～22.7%,其他形态氮素所占比例升至77.3%～89.8%;可溶态的无机氮和有机氮成为TN的主要组成部分。水田生态系统对坡面径流中磷的控制同样表现出较高的效率,径流灌入水田后24h,6次降雨过程产生的径流中TP和颗粒态磷浓度分别下降了60.6%～86.0%和82.9%～93.0%,且各处理之间没有显著差异。径流样品刚刚加入水田后,水田田面水中颗粒态磷占较高的比例,颗粒态磷占TP的89.7%～97.7%。随着时间的推移,颗粒态磷占TP的比例逐渐下降,径流加入后24h,颗粒态磷占TP的比例下降至37.4%～45.7%。水田生态系统对坡面径流中氮、磷消纳体现出较高的效率,主要得益于其能够较快地消纳颗粒态的氮、磷。Nitrogen and phosphorus sequestration effect of the rice field ecosystem was determined by field tests.After 24 h when runoff was poured into the 200 m2 paddy field,TN and particulate nitrogen concentration decreased by 60.1%~88.0% and 91.2%~98.7%,respectively,and of no significant difference between treatments.TN concentration was higher in runoff produced by heavy rain than that generated by moderate and light rain,so TN concentration of surface water was higher when the heavy rain runoff was poured into,however this difference only reflected in the first 3 h.After the runoff was just poured into the rice field,particulate nitrogen had a high proportion of total nitrogen,which accounted for 43.5%~87.7% TN in surface water.Over time,the proportion of particulate nitrogen decreased gradually,while other forms of nitrogen gradual increased.After 24 h when runoff was added,the proportion of particulate nitrogen decreased to 10.2%~22.7%,soluble inorganic nitrogen and organic nitrogen became the main component of TN.Paddy field ecosystem also showed a higher efficiency in phosphorus sequestration.After 24 h when the runoff was poured into the 200 m2 paddy field,TP and particulate phosphorus concentration decreased by 60.6%~86.0% and 82.9%~93.0%,respectively,and of no significant difference between treatments.After the runoff was just poured into the rice field,particulate phosphorus had a high proportion of total phosphorus,which accounted for 89.7%~97.7% TP in surface water.Over time,the proportion of particulate phosphorus decreased gradually,while other forms of phosphorus gradual increased.After 24 h when runoff was added,the proportion of particulate phosphorus decreased to 37.4%~45.7%.Paddy field ecosystem was efficient in sequestrating nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff,mainly due to its ability to quickly dissolved particulate nitrogen and phosphorus.

关 键 词：氮磷消纳 降雨强度 紫色土 

分 类 号：S157.2[农业科学—土壤学]