不同植被恢复模式对铁尾矿物种多样性及土壤理化性质的影响  

Effect of Different Vegetation Restoration Measures on the Species Diversity and Soil Properties of Iron Tailings

作　　者：王岩[1] 李玉灵[1] 石娟华 郭江 杜建云[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学,河北保定071000 [2]邯郸市永年县林业局,河北邯郸056000 [3]迁安市马兰庄镇政府,河北迁安064400

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2012年第3期112-117,183,共7页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项"退化山地营建生态经济型水土保持林关键技术的研究"(201004024);河北省科技计划项目"优化生态景观人工再造技术研究"(11236713D-X)

摘　　要：为全面了解不同植被恢复模式对铁尾矿物种多样性及土壤理化性质的影响,在唐山迁安选取基于造地工程的植被恢复模式(紫穗槐林)、基于水保工程的植被恢复模式(六孔砖模式)、灌木纯林植被直接恢复模式(沙地柏直接造林模式)、乔木混交林植被直接恢复模式(沙棘-桑树混交直接造林模式),对其物种组成、数量特征和土壤理化性质进行调查,并与裸尾矿和未被破坏的天然灌丛进行对比分析。结果表明:(1)不同植被恢复模式的物种α多样性指数的变化趋势基本相同,丰富度指数和多样性指数均为沙棘-桑树乔木混交林>紫穗槐林>沙地柏灌木纯林>六孔砖;(2)与裸尾矿相比,沙棘-桑树乔木混交林模式、紫穗槐林模式及沙地柏灌木纯林模式下的土壤容重分别减少了6%,15%,14%,总孔隙度分别增加了16%,1%,8%,毛管孔隙度分别减少了19%,16%,4%,非毛管孔隙度分别增加了118%,46%,22%;沙棘-桑树乔木混交林模式、紫穗槐林模式下的土壤毛管持水量分别减少了18%,7%,而沙地柏灌木纯林恢复模式下的土壤毛管持水量增加了21%;(3)通过植被恢复后,相对于裸尾矿土壤,沙棘-桑树乔木混交林模式、紫穗槐林模式和沙地柏灌木纯林模式下的土壤有机质、速效钾含量明显增加;不同植被恢复模式的铁尾矿土壤养分的恢复效果从高到低依次为沙棘-桑树乔木混交林模式、紫穗槐林模式、沙地柏灌木纯林模式。In order to understand the effect of different vegetation restoration measures（four different vegetation recoveries,including vegetation restoration based on building soil engineering,water conservation projects with through-hole brick,direct restoration with sabina,mixed forest with seabuckthorn and mulberry） on the species diversity of iron tailings,species composition,quantitative characteristics and soil properties were investigated and compared with bare tailings and natural bush）.The results showed that：（1）The trends of species α-diversity index of the vegetation under different restoration measures changed in the similar way,and for the richness index and diversity index,the different measures were ranked in descending order as follows： Seabuckthorn-mulberry mixed amorpha forest pure sabina forest tin tile.（2）Compared with control bare tailings,soil bulk density in seabuckthorn-mulberry mixed forest,amorpha forest and pure sabina forest had respectively reduced by 6%,15% and 14%,and total porosity had respectively increased by 16%,1% and 8%,capillary porosity had respectively reduced by 19%,16% and 4%,non capillary porosity had respectively increased by 118%,46% and 22%;soil capillary hold water in seabuckthorn-mulberry mixed pattern and amorpha forest had reduced by 18% and 7%,respectively,but the pure sabina forest had increased by 21%.（3）With respect to bare tailings soil,due to the vegetation restoration,the soil organic matter and content of available potassium had a significant increase in seabuckthorn-mulberry mixed forest,and the amorpha forest measure and pure sabina forest measure,and for the restoration result,different vegetation restoration measures from high to low were： Seabuckthorn-mulberry mixed measures,amorpha forest measures and pure sabina forest measures.

关 键 词：植被恢复模式 铁尾矿 物种多样性 土壤理化性质 

分 类 号：X176[环境科学与工程—环境科学] S158.3[农业科学—土壤学]