植物叶面自由能特征和水滴形态对截留降水的影响  

Effects of Leaf Surface Energy Characteristics and Drop Shape on Rainfall Interception

作　　者：王会霞[1] 石辉[1] 玉亚[1] 石彦[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,西安710055 [2]陇东学院历史文化学院,甘肃庆阳745000

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2012年第3期249-252,259,共5页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070541);国家林业局林业公益性行业科研专项(200904056)

摘　　要：采用浸水法和喷水法测定21种植物叶片的最大持水量,初步探讨叶面润湿性、表面自由能及其极性和色散分量对叶片最大持水量的影响,并分析2种方法测定叶片持水量不同的可能原因。浸水法和喷水法测定的叶片最大持水量物种间有显著差异(P<0.001),叶片的最大持水量变化范围分别为29.4～180.0g/m2,94.1～278.3g/m2。浸水法测定的叶片最大持水量与表面自由能、色散分量分别呈正相关(P=0.002,P=0.000),与极性分量呈乘幂关系(P=0.006),与叶接触角呈指数关系(P=0.004)。喷水法测定的叶片最大持水量与表面自由能、极性分量、色散分量、叶接触角的相关关系均不显著(P>0.05)。这可能是由于喷水过程中,在叶片表面自由能的作用首先在叶面上形成了小液滴,随着喷水过程的进行,液滴在水的表面张力和重力的作用下逐渐聚集形成大的液滴。Leaf maximum water storage capacities of twenty one plant species were investigated by employing two different methods-submerging of and spraying at phytoelements,respectively.The relationships between leaf maximum water storage capacities and surface wetness,surface free energy,its polar and dispersive component were primarily studied.The reason why there were significant differences between the two methods of measuring the leaf maximum water storage capacities was investigated as well.Results indicated that differences in leaf maximum water storage capacities among species were significant（P〈0.001）,and the submerging method yielded significantly lower values as compared to the spraying method.Average leaf maximum water storage capacities covered a wide range from 29.4 g/m2 to 180.0 g/m2,and 94.1 g/m2 to 278.3 g/m2,using the submerging and spraying method,respectively.For submerging method,significant positive correlations between leaf maximum water storage capacities and leaf surface free energy,its dispersive component could be found（P=0.002,P=0.000）.And the results showed a power and an exponential relationship between leaf maximum water storage capacities and polar component（P=0.006）,leaf contact angles（P=0.004）,respectively.As to spraying method,however,the correlations between leaf maximum water storage capacities and leaf surface free energy,its polar and dispersive component,leaf contact angles were not significant（P〉0.05）.This may be due to the water droplets that were gradually formed from small water droplets,which were generated by leaf surface free energy at the beginning of spraying process,by water surface tension and gravity during the process of spraying.

关 键 词：最大持水量 降水截留 润湿性 表面自由能 水滴形态 

分 类 号：S715.2[农业科学—林学]