破解城乡差距之困:基于劳动力流转模型的实证分析  

The Solution to Rural-urban Gap:An Empirical Research Based on the Model of Labor Migration

作　　者：王学龙[1] 于潇[2] 白雪秋[3] 

机构地区：[1]北海道大学经济学研究科,札幌0600809 [2]北京大学社会经济与文化研究中心,北京100871 [3]北京大学马克思主义学院,北京100871

出　　处：《财经研究》2012年第8期38-48,共11页Journal of Finance and Economics

基　　金：教育部理论研究重大课题(2008JYJW005)

摘　　要：农村劳动力转移无疑可以缩小中国的城乡差距。然而,在现实的劳动力流动过程中却存在诸多包括现行土地制度在内的障碍。文章在拓展Todaro模型的基础上,基于CFPS(中国家庭动态跟踪调查)数据实证分析了土地制度对农村劳动力流动的影响。研究结果表明,我国现行的土地制度限制了农地需求,从而抑制了农地流转市场的发育。这不仅导致农民在市民化过程中无法将农地的未来收益充分变现,还增加了农民市民化的机会成本,并进一步阻碍了城市化进程和城乡差距问题的解决。因而,完善土地流转制度,给予农民"市民化补贴"以推进农村劳动力转移,从而加速城市化进程,是破解城乡差距之困的根本途径。It is no doubt that the rural-urban gap in China can be short- ened by rural labor migration. However, there are many obstacles like labor system in the process of labor migration. Based on extended Todaro model and CFPS data, this paper empirically analyzes the effect of land system on rural labor migration. The results show that current land system in China re- stricts the demand for rural land, thus inhibiting the development of rural land transfer market. It not only leads to the failure to fully realize future gains of rural land in the process of the transfer of peasants to citizens, but also increases the opportunity cost of the transfer of peasants to citizens and further hinders the process of urbanization and the solution to rural-urban gap. Therefore, the perfection of land transfer system and the provision of subsidies for the transfer of peasants to citizens to advance rural labor migra- tion and urbanization are the basic routes to the solution to rural-urban gap.

关 键 词：土地流转 劳动力转移 机会成本 城市化 城乡差距 

分 类 号：F241[经济管理—劳动经济]