水稻花期高温胁迫影响颖花育性生理机理研究进展  

Advances in physiological mechanisms of spikelet fertility in rice at flowering stage under high temperature stress

作　　者：陈仁天[1] 唐茂艳[1] 王强[1,2] 陈雷[1] 李炜 陈畅[2] Farooq Shah 梁天锋[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西农业科学院水稻研究所,南宁530007 [2]华中农业大学作物生理生态与栽培研究中心,武汉430070 [3]广西粮油科学研究所,南宁530001

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2012年第6期753-758,共6页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：公益性行业(农业)科研专项项目(201203029);广西自然科学基金项目(2011GXNSFA018104);广西科学研究与技术开发计划项目(桂科攻1123001-1A);广西农业科学院科技发展基金重点项目(桂农科2011JZ03)

摘　　要：全球气候变暖产生的局部短期极端高温,会对水稻形成高温胁迫,影响水稻的各种生理代谢过程,其出现频率有增加趋势。高温胁迫对水稻的影响主要是在开花期,极易导致严重的颖花不育。水稻耐高温胁迫能力存在基因型间的差异。在当天温度较低的时段开花,花粉活性高,花药长,花药基部开裂长度较长、开裂孔较大,是水稻耐高温胁迫的重要表型指标。热激蛋白的表达,提高花药的抗氧化能力,以及维持结构蛋白、酶和细胞膜的稳定性是增强柱头及柱头上花粉粒耐高温胁迫的重要生理机制。目前,国内外学者对高温胁迫影响水稻颖花受精结实的特征、水稻耐高温胁迫的形态与生理机理方面进行了大量研究,但未深入研究缓解水稻高温胁迫伤害的方法与策略,今后应结合水稻耐高温胁迫的形态与生理机理,加强有效缓解高温胁迫方法的探索与研究。The local short and extremely high temperature resulted due to rise in global warming is expected to have a tremendous impact on growth and physiological metabolisms of rice, and periodic episodes of heat stress are predicted to occur more frequently in the near future. Flowering stage is the most sensitive stage to high temperature, and very easily led to develop sterility of spikelet. Significant difference in response to temperature stress exists among rice genotypes. When rice flowers at cooler time of day, it has higher pollen activity, larger anther, longer dehiscence length and pores of anther basal, which are important phenotypic indices for high temperature tolerance. The expression of heat shock protein, enhancing antioxidant activity of anther, keeping stability of structural proteins, enzymes and membranes are important physiological mechanisms for strengthening thermo tolerance of stigma and its pollens. At present, many researchers have studied the fertilization and seed setting characteristics of rice spikelet which was affected by high temperature stress, and the morphological characteristics and physiological mechanism of rice tolerance to high temperature, while the strategies and methods to mitigate heat stress in rice are still very poor, therefore, these should be further explored and studied on the basis of previous researches.

关 键 词：水稻 花期 高温胁迫 颖花育性 生理机理 策略 

分 类 号：S511.01[农业科学—作物学]