苦木生物碱提取及其复方注射液的安全性研究  

Alkaloid extraction from Picrasnia quassioides(D.Don)Benn.and safety of its compound injection

作　　者：赵武[1] 陈忠伟[1] 孙建华[1] 何颖[1] 刘伟[1] 胡帅[1] 关忠谊[1] 陈凤莲[1] 

机构地区：[1]广西兽医研究所/广西畜禽疫苗新技术重点实验室,南宁530001

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2012年第6期865-868,共4页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金：广西科技攻关项目(桂科攻0424001-3A)

摘　　要：【目的】筛选出苦木中生物碱的最佳提取方法及研究复方苦木注射液的安全性,为优化苦木生物碱有效成分的提取工艺及开发出能有效治疗畜禽大肠杆菌病的复方中药注射液奠定基础。【方法】采用高效液相色谱法对乙醇回流提取法、乙醇渗漉提取法和酶解—乙醇渗漉提取法提取的苦木生物碱进行含量测定并比较,同时对昆明小鼠进行口服和腹腔注射复方苦木注射液的急性毒性试验,测定半数致死量(LD5)0。【结果】酶解—乙醇渗漉提取法提取的苦木总生物碱、苦木碱己和苦木碱丁含量分别为3.10±0.22、0.30±0.06和0.05±0.01mg/mL,均极显著高于乙醇回流提取法和乙醇渗漉提取法(P<0.01)。昆明小鼠口服复方苦木注射液的给药剂量为10000mg/kg时,小鼠仍健康存活;腹腔注射给药的LD50=2336mg/kg,安全性评价为基本无毒物质。【结论】酶解—乙醇渗漉可作为复方苦木注射液中苦木生物碱的规模化提取方法,复方苦木注射液具有毒性小、无传染、无残留、无耐药性等优点,可在畜禽业中代替抗生素对大肠杆菌等细菌性传染病进行防治。[Objective] The objective of this study was to screen the best alkaloid extraction method in Picrasnia quassioides （D.Don） Benn. and study safety of its compound injection for optimizing the technique for active ingredients extraction and developing compound Picrasnia quassioides （D.Don） Benn. injection on effectively treating avian colibacilosis. [Method]Alkaloids of Picrasnia quassioides （D.Don） Benn. were extracted via ethanol reflux, ethanol percolation and enzymolysis-ethanol percolation method, measured and compared using high-performance liquid chromatogram. Meanwhile the compound Pierasnia quassioides （D.Don） Benn. injection was administered orally and intraperitoneally to 50 and 60 Kunming mice, and toxicity was examined by detecting the LDs0. [Result lThe total alkaloid, nigakinone and methylnigakinone from Picrasma quassioides （D.Don） Benn. using enzymolysis-ethanol percolation method were 3.10±0.22, 0.30± 0.06 and 0.05±0.01 mg/mL, respectively, which were all significantly higher than those obtained from ethanol reflux and ethanol percolation （P〈0.01）. The Kunming mice survived by tolerating as high as 10 000 mg/kg oral administration of compound Picrasnia quassioides （D.Don） Benn. injection. And for the intraperitoneal injection when LD50 was 2336 mg/ kg, its safety appraisal was virtually non-toxic matter. [Conclusion] The enzymolysis-ethanol percolation method was found optimal to purify the alkaloid from Picrasma quassioides and the eompound Picrasnia quassioides injection can replace antibiotic to prevent and control bacterial infectious diseases such as Escherichia coli epidemic in livestoek and poultry industry because of its less toxicity, non infectiousness, non-residual properties and and no resistance to drug.

关 键 词：苦木 生物碱 苦木碱己 苦木碱丁 酶解-乙醇渗漉提取法 急性毒性试验 

分 类 号：S853.731[农业科学—临床兽医学]