杭州市灰霾气候特征及与清洁过程的对比分析  

Climatic Characteristics of Haze in Hangzhou and Intercomparison Between Haze Process and Cleaning Process

作　　者：陈丽芳[1] 

机构地区：[1]杭州市气象局,杭州310051

出　　处：《科技通报》2012年第7期31-35,共5页Bulletin of Science and Technology

基　　金：浙江省气象局开放研究专项(kf2008006);杭州市科技发展计划项目(20091133B21)共同资助

摘　　要：利用杭州1951-2008年的地面观测资料,使用一定的标准重新判别灰霾过程,分析研究了杭州灰霾的气候特征,探讨了灰霾的发生与空气质量之间的关系,并对2009年夏季典型的灰霾过程和清洁过程进行对比分析,得出以下结论:随时间推移,杭州的灰霾天气呈明显上升趋势,期间出现两次跳跃式增长。灰霾的发生与空气污染密切相关,灰霾天数与空气污染指数(API)之间的年际变化和月际变化的趋势都保持一致。灰霾的产生受天气系统的影响很大,同是高压系统控制下,大陆高压控制易产生灰霾,而副热带高压控制易出现清洁天气。灰霾过程的近地层风速明显比清洁过程小。气流的垂直变化是灰霾产生的重要因素,在中高层,灰霾过程下沉气流向下伸展到5500 m,而清洁过程伸展到7000 m左右;在中低层,灰霾过程风速小,而清洁过程风速大,且维持一致的上升气流。逆温有明显的日变化,08时低层出现的逆温可作为灰霾预报的参考之一。灰霾过程的逆温不超过900 hPa,而清洁过程基本不存在逆温,即使有,高度也在900 hPa以上。Based on available observation data from Hangzhou stations for the period from 1951 to 2008, the climatic characteristics of hazes in Hangzhou and the relationship between haze and API were analyzed by new judgment indexes.Haze process and cleaning process in summer of 2009 was been compared too. Preliminary results show that the days of haze in Hangzhou went up year by year. There was a good relationship between haze and API, and the variation trend of haze and API were same. Haze was affected by synoptic system. Continental anticyclone would advantage to haze process and subtropical high would advantage to cleaning process. The speed of surface layer in haze process was smaller than cleaning process. Downdraft in haze process got to 5500 m and 7000 m in cleaning process. Cleaning process kept updraft in lower layer. Inversion in lower at 8opt was the reference of haze forecast Inversion height in haze process was lower tan 900 hHa, and higher than 900 hPa in cleaning process.

关 键 词：灰霾气候特征 污染指数 清洁过程 对比分析 

分 类 号：P427.122[天文地球—大气科学及气象学]