典型设施菜地土壤抗生素污染特征与积累规律研究  

Pollution Characteristics and Accumulation of Antibiotics in Typical Protected Vegetable Soils

作　　者：尹春艳[1,2] 骆永明[1,2,3] 滕应[1,2] 章海波[1] 陈永山[1] 赵永刚[4] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤环境与污染修复重点实验室,南京210008 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院烟台海岸带研究所,烟台264003 [4]江苏省环境监测中心,南京210036

出　　处：《环境科学》2012年第8期2810-2816,共7页Environmental Science

基　　金：国家环境保护公益性行业科研专项项目(201109018-4;2010467016)

摘　　要：利用超声波提取,固相萃取-高效液相色谱-串联质谱分析方法,分析了山东省某典型设施菜地的20个蔬菜大棚土壤中14种抗生素的含量与分布特征.结果表明,在所有的土样中均检测出抗生素,其中4种四环素类抗生素(如四环素、土霉素、金霉素和强力霉素)是该地区主要的抗生素种类,单个化合物的检出率均为100%,其含量范围分别在2.11～139.16、6.06～332.02、1.82～391.31、2.20～248.56μg.kg-1之间.4种四环素类抗生素总含量Σ(TCs)为26.79～1 010.11μg.kg-1,平均含量为274μg.kg-1.磺胺类、喹诺酮类和大环内酯类抗生素也均有检出,其中喹诺酮类抗生素总含量Σ(QNs)在0～1 017.06μg.kg-1,平均含量73.05μg.kg-1,检出率为85%,而磺胺类和大环内酯类抗生素单个化合物的检出浓度很低,未检出氯霉素类抗生素.分析结果还发现,该设施菜地种植不同蔬菜的土壤中抗生素种类和含量差异很大.值得注意的是,个别大棚土壤诺氟沙星(QNC)和氧氟沙星(OFC)含量分别高达373.73和643.34μg.kg-1,均远远地超过抗生素生态毒害效应触发值(100μg.kg-1).可见,设施菜地土壤抗生素污染问题应引起关注.The occurrence and distribution of 14 selected antibiotics in soils from 20 protected vegetable fields in Shandong province were investigated by ultrasonic extraction and UPLC-MS/MS.The results showed that antibiotics were detected in all the soil samples,the dominant antibiotics were tetracycline,oxytetracycline,chlortetracycline and doxycycline with 100% detection rate,the concentration of which in soil ranged from 2.11-139.16,6.06-332.02,1.82-391.31,2.20-248.56 μg·kg-1,respectively.The total concentration of four compounds ∑（TCs） ranged from 26.79-1 010.11 μg·kg-1,with an average of 274 μg·kg-1.All the sulfonamides（SAs）,quinolones（QNs） and macrolides antibiotics（MACs） were also detected,except for chloramphenicoles.The total concentration of QNs [∑（QNs）] in soils ranged from 0-1 017.06 μg·kg-1and the average concentration was 73.05 μg·kg-1 with detection rate of 85%,and the individual concentrations of SAs and MACs were quite low in soils.The results also showed that the distibution and concentration of antibiotics in soils grown different vegetables were quite different.Notably,the individual concentrations of QNs（NFC,OFC） were 373.73 μg·kg-1 and 643.34 μg·kg-1,respectively,which far exceeded the trigger value of the ecological risk（100 μg·kg-1）.Thus,more attention should be paid to antibiotics pollution in protected vegetable soils.

关 键 词：设施菜地土壤 抗生素 污染特征 积累 粪肥 

分 类 号：X592[环境科学与工程—环境工程]