尼泊尔喜马拉雅山冰川分布特征  

Characteristics of Glacier Distribution in Nepal Himalaya

作　　者：殷俊琦[1] 谢自楚[1] 吴立宗[2] MOOL K PRADEEP BAJRACHARYA R SAMJWAL 

机构地区：[1]湖南师范大学资源与环境学院,中国长沙410081 [2]中国科学院寒区旱区环境与工程研究所,中国兰州730000 [3]国际山地综合发展中心,尼泊尔加德满都GPO Box 3226

出　　处：《湖南师范大学自然科学学报》2012年第3期78-83,共6页Journal of Natural Science of Hunan Normal University

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41140004;40871043;XDA05090302);湖南省重点学科建设基金资助项目(2008001)

摘　　要：在中段喜马拉雅山南坡的尼泊尔境内,利用尼泊尔两次编目数据、2009—2010年Landsat遥感影像及数字高程模型,得到最新尼泊尔喜马拉雅山冰川分布图.利用GIS和统计软件分析了该地区冰川的空间分布、规模、类型特征.结果如下:水平方向上,冰川面积在经度上呈波状分布;垂直方向上,最大面积高度及对应的最大面积值分布流域从大到小是Gandaki、Koshi、Karnali流域.冰川面积在垂直空间的集中性与冰川作用差呈负相关;各流域发育小型冰川的条数较多,中型冰川的面积较多.大型冰川对地势和降水条件要求高,只分布在尼泊尔中部和东部;形态类型以复式流域、复式盆地和单一盆地为主,表碛覆盖冰川和雪崩补给冰川分布普遍.Based on two old glacier inventories of Nepal,Landsat images in 2009—2010 and Digital Elevation Model,a new data was obtained for glacier in Nepal Himalaya,located in southern slope of central Himalaya.With GIS and some statistics software,characteristics in spatial distribution,scale and classification of glaciers were analyzed.It shows that in horizontal orientation,glaciers’ area distribution is wavelike in longitudinal orientation;in vertical space,characteristic of the most area-altitude and the most area in basins is Gankaki 〉 Koshi 〉 Karnali.Areal concentration has negative correlation with glacier height difference;in each sub-basin,small glaciers have the most numerical amount;medial glaciers have the most area amount.Big glaciers are critically decided by terrain and precipitation conditions,and only distribute in the eastern and central parts of Nepal.The form classification is mainly compound basins,compound basin and simple basin.Debris-coved glaciers and avalanche supplement glaciers are common.

关 键 词：冰川 尼泊尔 喜马拉雅山 空间分布 

分 类 号：P343.6[天文地球—水文科学]