秦岭山地天然油松群落主要植物种群生态位特征  

Niche characteristics of main plant populations in natural Pinus tabulaeformis communities in Qinling Mountains, Northwest China

作　　者：柴宗政[1] 王得祥[1] 张丽楠[1] 张洋[1] 黄青平[1] 吴昊[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《生态学杂志》2012年第8期1917-1923,共7页Chinese Journal of Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31070570);林业公益性行业科研专项经费(20100400206)资助

摘　　要：应用Levins、Hurlbert生态位宽度及Pianka生态位重叠研究方法,对秦岭山地天然油松群落内20种主要乔木及26种主要灌木的种群生态位特征进行了分析。结果表明:(1)油松、锐齿槲栎、华山松、漆树为乔木层的优势种群,而榛子、卫矛、忍冬、荚蒾为灌木层的优势种群。(2)乔木层中上述优势种群具有较大的生态位宽度,构成了该群落的主体;灌木层中荚蒾、胡颓子、卫矛、榛子等种群的生态位宽度较大。(3)乔木层主要种群间生态位重叠相对较少,其中冬瓜杨-尖叶四照花、盐肤木-山杨、小叶杨-白桦、小叶杨-少脉椴等种对生态位重叠值较高;灌木层主要种群间生态位重叠较多,其中卫矛-陕西卫矛、绣线菊-忍冬、粉背黄栌-黑刺菝葜、高山杜鹃-中华柳等种对生态位重叠较高。(4)群落内优势种群生态位宽度较大,与其他种群间的生态位重叠值相对较高,但生态位重叠与生态位宽度之间没有绝对的正相关关系。By using Levins and Hurlbert formulae of niche breadth and Pianka formula of niche overlap, this paper analyzed the niche characteristics of 20 trees and 26 shrub populations in natural Pinus tabulaeformis communities in Qinling Mountains. In canopy layer, P. tabulaeformis, Quercus aliena var. acutiserrata, P. armandii, and Toxicodendron vernicifluum were the dominant populations; in shrub layer, the dominant populations were Corylus heterophylla, Euonymus alatus, Lonicera japonica, and Viburnum dilatatum. The dominant populations in canopy layer had the largest niche breadth, and were the main body of the communities; while the V. dilatatum, Elaeagnus pungens, E. alatus, and C. heterophylla in shrub layer had a larger niche breadth than the other populations. In canopy layer, there was a lower niche overlap between the dominant populations, but the Populus purdomii-Dendrobenthamia anguwstata, Rhus chinensis-Populus davidiana, and Populus simonii-Betula platyphylla had a higher niche overlap. In shrub layer, more dominant populations appeared niche overlap, and E. alatus-E. schensianus, Spiraea salicifolia-Lonicera japonica, Cotinus coggygria var. glaucophylla-Smilax scobinicaulis, and Rhododendron lapponicum-Salix cathayana showed a larger niche overlap. The dominant populations in the communities had a larger niche breadth and a higher niche overlap with other populations, but no positive correlation was observed between the niche breadth and niche overlap.

关 键 词：天然油松群落 种群 生态位宽度 生态位重叠 秦岭山地 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]