模拟降雨条件下地表糙度动态变化特征研究  

Study on Dynamical Variation Characteristics of Surface Roughness under Field Simulated Rainfall Condition

作　　者：张霞 贾莲莲[2] 李占斌[3,4] 于国强[5] 武金慧[6] 

机构地区：[1]陕西省环境科学研究院,西安710061 [2]水利部黄河水利委员会黄河上中游管理局,西安710021 [3]中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所黄土高原土壤侵蚀与旱地农业国家重点实验室,陕西杨凌712100 [4]西安理工大学西北水资源与环境生态教育部重点实验室,西安710048 [5]中国地质调查局西安地质调查中心,西安710054 [6]中国水电顾问集团西北勘测设计研究院,西安710065

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2012年第4期16-20,29,共6页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：中国博士后基金(2011M501445);陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(2012JQ5001);国家自然科学基金项目(40971161,41071182);国土资源部科研专项(201111020)

摘　　要：地表糙度是影响土壤侵蚀的因素之一。为进一步明确地表糙度的侵蚀效应,通过野外模拟降雨试验,研究了地表糙度在降雨前后、不同坡度、不同植被覆盖度、不同空间坡段的动态变化特征,探讨了地表糙度变化规律及其影响因素。结果表明:在降雨过程中,土地利用类型、雨强、降雨顺序、坡度和植被覆盖度都会对糙度产生影响。随着降雨场次的增加,地表糙度逐渐增大;在试验范围内,坡度越大,地表糙度增加幅度越大,增加趋势越明显;植被覆盖度越大,地表糙度变化越小。坡面的各个坡段变化情况整体遵循上述规律,但在某些坡段内出现空间变异性,导致有些坡段可以拦蓄径流泥沙,消减侵蚀,而有些坡段可以增加潜在的冲刷,加剧侵蚀;多个因子以及因子间的交互效应成为影响糙度变化的主要因素。研究结果为揭示地表糙度的侵蚀特征提供了一定的理论依据,同时也为黄土高原水土流失治理奠定理论基础。Soil surface roughness is one of the main factors affecting soil erosion. To further determine effects of soil surface roughness on the erosion, dynamical variation characteristics of surface roughness, variation regularity and affecting factors were obtained under following conditions, i.e. rainfall sequence, slope, vegetation coverage and spatial slope section through field simulated rainfall experiment. Results showed that surface roughness was always affected by the above factors during rainfall period. Soil surface roughness in- creased with rainfall events. The richer the vegetation coverage was, the less the surface roughness was. The steeper the slope was, the more increase extent of surface roughness was, and the more obvious of increase tendency was in experimental range. The variation rules of each slope section were overall following the above patterns, but there was spatial variability in some slope sections. Due to the spatial variability, some slope sectionls function was water storage and sediment reduction as well as erosion reduction. On the con-trary, the effect on sediment and runoff was potential flushing and erosion aggravation in other slope section. The factors and interaction effect were the main affecting factors on variation of surface roughness. The results provide theoretic basis for revealing the erosion characteristics through soil surface roughness, and at the same time, it can serve for controlling soil and water loss on the Loess Plateau.

关 键 词：地表糙度 降雨 侵蚀 动态变化 

分 类 号：S157.1[农业科学—土壤学]