基于蒸渗仪测量的水文要素影响因素分析  

Analysis on Factors Influencing Hydrologic Features Based on Lysimeters

作　　者：温鲁哲 陈喜[2] 王川子 贾秋艳 

机构地区：[1]青岛市水利局,山东青岛266071 [2]河海大学水文水资源与水利工程科学国家重点实验室,南京210098

出　　处：《水土保持研究》2012年第4期252-255,共4页Research of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：教育部科学技术研究重大项目(308012);国家自然科技基金项目(50679025)

摘　　要：降水入渗、地表径流、潜水蒸发等水文要素是研究流域水文及生态环境的重要因素。采用五道沟水文试验站蒸渗仪测量资料,统计分析前期土壤含水量、降水强度、地下水埋深及作物对降水入渗补给、地表径流及潜水蒸发的影响。结果表明:不考虑超渗产流,且在其它条件一致时,前期土壤含水量越大,降水强度越小,入渗补给和地表径流系数越大。无论地表有无作物覆盖,入渗补给、地表径流及潜水蒸发系数均随地下水埋深的增加而减少。降水量小于100mm时,无作物比有作物时的入渗补给系数大;降水量大于100mm时,无作物时的入渗补给系数较小。无作物比有作物时地表径流系数大、潜水蒸发系数小,而潜水蒸发系数的差异在作物生长旺季更为明显。研究成果对淮北地区水土流失治理和生态环境保护具有重要的理论和实际意义。The infiltration,runoff,phreatic water evaporation etc are the key factors governing the hydrology and environment of local area.The influences of rainfall soil moisture,rainfall intensity,underground water depth and crops on the precipitation infiltration,runoff and phreatic water evaporation was statistical analyzed based on data from lysimeters at Wudaogou Hydrologic Experimental Station.The results showed that without considering the infiltration-excess runoff,and under the other same condition,the preliminary soil moisture was greater,precipitation intensity was smaller,infiltration and runoff coefficient were bigger.Regardless of crops,the infiltration supplies,runoff and phreatic water evaporation coefficient increased along with the underground water depth reduced.The supply coefficient of non-crops cover was smaller than crop cover,when the rainfall was less than 100 mm.And the result was opposite when the rainfall intensity was more than 100 mm.The runoff coefficient of non-crops cover was greater than that of crop cover,while the phreatic water evaporation coefficient was smaller,and the difference of phreatic water evaporation coefficient was more obvious in the growth season.The above results offer some important references for soil and water loss control and ecological environment protection.

关 键 词：五道沟水文试验站 降水入渗 地表径流 潜水蒸发 影响因素 

分 类 号：S152.7[农业科学—土壤学] P333.6[农业科学—农业基础科学]