具有优良农艺性状的小麦种质资源高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组成分析  

High-Molecular-Weight Glutenin Subunit Composition of Chinese Wheat Germplasm with Desirable Agronomic Traits

作　　者：闫媛媛[1,2] 郭晓敏[2] 刘伟华[2] 高爱农[2] 李秀全[2] 杨欣明[2] 车永和[1] 李立会[2] 

机构地区：[1]河北科技师范学院生命科技学院,河北秦皇岛066004 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国农业科学》2012年第15期3203-3212,共10页Scientia Agricultura Sinica

基　　金：农业部作物种质资源保护子项目“主要作物抗病虫、抗逆和品质性状鉴定评价”(NB09-2130135-1-15)

摘　　要：【目的】筛选具有多个优异性状的种质资源,为广泛有效地利用这些新种质提供有用信息。【方法】以通过农艺性状综合评价筛选来的403份来自近期国家重点科技攻关获得的优良种质为材料,采用SDS-PAGE方法分析其高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基(HMW-GS)组成。【结果】供试材料在编码HMW-GS位点上具有较大的变异,共检测到了30个等位变异,形成64种HMW-GS组合形式。同时,在供试材料中不仅出现了"7*+9"、"2+12.2*"和"1.5*+10"等在现代小麦育种材料中的稀有亚基,而且出现了"1+2*"、"7+8+9"、"6+7+8+9"和"2+5+12"等特殊的亚基组合形式。其中有24.32%(98份)材料在Glu-1的位点具有2个优质亚基,有9.93%(40份)材料在Glu-A1、Glu-B1和Glu-D1 3个位点均携带有小麦加工品质所需优质亚基。【结论】403份具有优良农艺性状的小麦种质资源在编码HMW-GS的3个基因位点上表现出丰富的多态性,共有30种HMW-GS等位变异,64种亚基组合形式;其中40份材料在Glu-1的3个位点均携带小麦加工品质所需优质亚基,值得进一步研究和利用。[Objective] The purpose of this research was to screen wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） germplasm with many excellent properties and provide useful inforrnation for the effective use.【Method】High molecular weight glutenin subunits（HMW-GS） compositions of 403 superior germplasm recently developed or introduced in China with desirable agronomic traits were detected using sodium dodecyl sulphate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis（SDS-PAGE）.【Result】The results indicated that a high level of variations in HMW-GS encoded by Glu-1 locus were observed.Thirty allele variations with 64 kinds of glutenin patterns were found.Meanwhile,there were not only rare subunits ＂7＊＋9＂,＂2＋12.2＊＂,＂1.5＊＋10＂,etc.,but also special form of subunit combinations in modern wheat breeding materials ＂1＋2＊＂,＂7＋8＋9＂,＂6＋7＋8＋9＂,＂2＋5＋12＂,etc.,were showed.The percentage of materials with two elite subunits was 24.32%（98 varieties）.The percentage of germplasm with desirable subunits to wheat processing quality in all three locus（Glu-A1,Glu-B1 and Glu-D1） was 9.93%（40 varieties）.【Conclusion】Thirty allele variations with 64 kinds of glutenin patterns in HMW-GS encoded by Glu-1 locus of the 403 superior germplasms were detected.Forty germplasms bring desirable subunits to wheat processing quality in all three locus（Glu-A1,Glu-B1 and Glu-D1） were sought out.The newly developed germplasm with desirable agronomical traits and HMW-GS for good quality would be used for the improvement of wheat quality breeding.

关 键 词：普通小麦 农艺性状 高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基 优异种质 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学]