氮肥用量对苏中冬小麦地上部主要矿质元素含量的影响  

Effects of Nitrogen Application Rates on Mineral Concentrations in Above-ground Tissues of Winter Wheat in Center of Jiangsu Province

作　　者：刘美佳[1] 韩证仿[2] 杨世佳[1] 杨冰[1] 张卫建[2,1] 

机构地区：[1]南京农业大学应用生态研究所,江苏南京210095 [2]中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京100081

出　　处：《麦类作物学报》2012年第4期728-733,共6页Journal of Triticeae Crops

基　　金：中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项;国家”十二五“科技支撑计划课题(2011BAD16B14)

摘　　要：为了明确施氮量对苏中地区冬小麦主要矿质元素含量的影响,以扬麦11和扬麦13为材料,在江苏丹阳设置3个氮素水平(0、150、300kg.hm-2),研究不同施氮量对冬小麦籽粒、茎鞘和叶片中Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu、Ca、Mg和P等矿质元素含量的影响。结果表明,增施氮肥能显著提高冬小麦籽粒、茎鞘、叶片、面粉和麸皮中的Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu和Ca含量,但P含量明显下降。与对照(N0)相比,施氮量达300kg.hm-2时,扬麦11籽粒中的Fe、Zn、Mn、Cu和Ca含量分别增加了11.74%、32.20%、31.78%、66.87%和53.75%,P含量降低23.06%,茎鞘中Zn、Cu和Ca含量增加106.34%、136.97%和51.15%,P含量降低46.46%;扬麦13籽粒中Zn、Cu和Ca含量分别比对照(N0)增加33.03%、59.67%和56.63%,Mg和P含量分别降低14.10%和25.41%,叶片中Mn、Cu、Ca和Mg分别增加174.54%、27.15%、41.66%和29.95%。随着氮肥用量增加,籽粒中Mg含量呈下降趋势,但茎鞘和叶片中Mg含量呈递增趋势。籽粒、茎鞘和叶片中不同矿质元素含量对氮肥的响应存在品种间差异。在本试验条件下,适量施氮可以提高冬小麦籽粒中微量元素的含量。但是,氮肥用量过高可能降低籽粒中P和Mg的含量,不利于籽粒矿质营养品质的提高。Two winter-wheat varieties （Yangmai 11 and Yangmai 13） were used to investigate the im- pacts of nitrogen （N） application levels （0,150,300 kg/hm2） on the main mineral concentrations in wheat grain, leaves and stalk in the Danyang city, Jiangsu province. The results showed that the con- centrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Ca increased with the increasing rate of N application in winter- wheat grain, stalk, leaves, flour and bran, while P concentrations decreased. Comparing with the non-fertilization control, when N application rate reached 300 kg/hm2 , the concentrations of Fe, Zn, Mn, Cu and Ca in the grain of Yangmaill significantly increased by 11. 74%, 32. 20%, 31. 78%, 66.87% and 53.75%, while P concentration significantly decreased by 23.06%. At the same N rate, the concentrations of Zn, Cu and Ca in the stalk of Yangmai11 significantly increased by 106.34%, 136.97% and 51.15%, but P concentration significantly decreased by 46.46%. The concentrations of Zn, Cu and Ca in the grain of Yangmai13 significantly increased by 33.03%, 59.67%and 56. 63%, however, the concentrations of Mg and P significantly decreased by 14.10% and 25.41%. The con-centrations of Mn, Cu, Ca and Mg in the leaves of Yangmai13 significantly increased by 174.54%, 27.15%, 41. 66% and 29. 95%, respectively. There were different impacts of nitrogen application rates on mineral concentrations in winter-wheat above-ground tissues between the two varieties. Un- der the present experimental conditions, our results demonstrate that N application can increase the trace mineral concentrations of winter-wheat grain. However, over-use of N fertilizer may decrease grain quality through decreasing other mineral concentrations in winter-wheat grain.

关 键 词：江苏中部 冬小麦 氮肥 矿质元素 隐性饥饿 

分 类 号：S512.1[农业科学—作物学] S318