UV-B辐射增强对抗除草剂转基因水稻CH_4排放的影响  

Effect of elevated ultraviolet-B (UV-B) radiation on CH_4 emission in herbicide resistant transgenic rice from a paddy soil

作　　者：娄运生[1] 周文鳞[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京信息工程大学应用气象学院,南京210044

出　　处：《生态学报》2012年第15期4731-4736,共6页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(40871151);江苏省自然科学基金(BK2009413);教育部高校博士点基金(20103228110003);江苏省"青蓝工程"项目联合资助

摘　　要：在大田条件下,研究了UV-B(ultraviolet-B)辐射增强对抗除草剂转基因水稻及亲本常规水稻甲烷(CH4)排放的影响。UV-B辐射设2水平,即对照(CK,自然光),增强(Elevated,14.4 kJ·m-·2d-1),相当于南京地区大气臭氧耗损25%的辐射剂量。结果表明,UV-B辐射增强并没有改变稻田CH4排放通量的季节性变化规律。与对照相比,UV-B辐射增强显著提高CH4排放通量和累积排放量。水稻分蘖期CH4累积排放量最高,占全生育累积排放量的51.55%—61.01%;其次是拔节至孕穗期,占20.00%—26.64%。抗除草剂转基因水稻的CH4排放通量和累积排放量显著低于亲本常规水稻。研究说明,UV-B辐射增强下种植抗除草剂转基因水稻对于减缓稻田甲烷排放有积极意义。The stratospheric ozone layer formed a protective atmospheric filter to avoid biologically harmful solar ultraviolet （UV） radiation. Nitrous oxide is the dominant ozone- depleting substance in the 21st century. Thus, the elevated UV-B radiation on earth＇s surface induced by ozone depletion has been regarded as one of the important issues in the field of global change. Rice is one of the predominant staple foods in the world, which feeds over 50% of the worldwide population for about 80% of their food requirements. Rice fields have been regarded as major anthropogenic sources of global methane （CH4 ） emission. Many researchers reported that elevated UV-B radiation induced damage to growth, physiological and ecological processes in rice, including morphological inhibition, photosynthetic depression, unstable anti-oxidation system, changes in endogenous hormone content, decreases in biomass and yield. These reports were mainly concerned with the ecological and physiological processes in aboveground part of rice plant （shoot）. However, nothing is known about the dynamics of CH4 emission in paddy field during rice growing period under elevated UV-B radiation. Rice is also one of the crop species to which transgenic biotechuology has been successfully applied for genetic improvements such as disease and/ or insect resistance, herbicide, drought and/or salt tolerance. However, transgenic rice has not yet been officially approved for commercial production in the world, because it is uncertain whether the rice will have any possible impacts on environmental and food safety. Therefore, safety assessment on transgenic rice was conducted to investigate gene flowthrough pollen transfer, change in biodiversity, non-target effects and food safety, etc. However, little attention has been paid to the effect of transgenic rice on CH4 emission in paddy soil. Hence, the objective of this study was to investigate the dynamics of CH4 emission in herbicide resistant transgenic rice from a paddy field under elevated UV-B r

关 键 词：UV-B辐射 抗除草剂转基因水稻 甲烷 排放通量 水稻土 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]