医学实习生血源性物质职业暴露及影响因素分析  

Prevalence of occupational exposure to blood-borne substance and its influencing factors among medical practice students

作　　者：原素梅[1] 鲍彦平[2] 任吉莲[1] 孙谨芳[3] 郝素珍[4] 

机构地区：[1]山西医科大学汾阳学院微生物学与免疫学教研室,山西汾阳032200 [2]北京大学中国药物依赖性研究所 [3]中国疾病预防控制中心 [4]山西医科大学微生物学与免疫学教研室

出　　处：《中国公共卫生》2012年第8期1070-1073,共4页Chinese Journal of Public Health

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81001265)

摘　　要：目的了解医学实习生血源性物质职业暴露情况,并分析其影响因素。方法采用分层整群抽样的方法,对某医学院护理、临床、检验医学专业的510名实习生进行问卷调查,数据统计分析用SAS 9.1软件。结果实习1年期间,27.70%(141/509)发生过血源性物质暴露,溅入黏膜占31.19%,针头等锐器伤占66.06%,沾染伤口等其他暴露占2.75%,暴露后68.93%进行了登记,84.47%进行了立即处理;单因素分析结果表明:文化程度、专业、防护知识、培训情况与血源性物质暴露有统计学联系(P<0.05);多元logistic回归分析显示,护理和检验专业以及不知道如何处理锐利废弃物是发生血源性物质暴露的独立危险因素,与临床专业相比,护理和检验专业的学生血源性物质暴露的风险分别增高64%和287%,不知道如何处理用过的锐利废弃物者发生血源性物质暴露的风险是知道者的1.64倍。结论医学实习生存在较高的血源性物质暴露率,主要与专业和锐利废弃物处理不当有关。Objective To study the prevalence of occupational exposure to blood-borne substance and its influencing factors among medical practice students.Methods A stratified cluster sampling was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among 510 graduates from a medical college.The data were analyzed with SAS 9.1 software.Results During the one-year practice,27.70% of the students had experienced occupational exposure to blood-borne substance.Exposure due to splashing into mucosa,sharp injuries,and contaminating wound accounted for 31.19%,66.06%,and 2.75% for all exposures,respectively.For the exposure events,68.93% were registered and 84.47% were treated immediately.The results of analyses showed education background,profession,the knowledge of protection,and the situation of training were correlated with the rates of exposure（P〈0.05）.Logistic regression analyses showed that the involement in nursing or laboratory work and without the knowledge of how to deal with the contaminated sharp waste were the independent risk factors for the exposure.Compared with clinical profession,the risks of nursing and laboratory profession increased by 64% and 287%,respectively.The exposure risk for the students who did not know how to deal with the contaminated sharp waste was 1.64 times higher than that of whom knew the knowledge.Conclusion The practice students are at a high risk of occupational exposure to blood-borne substance.The students majored in laboratory and nursing,and who did not know how to deal with the contaminated sharp waste are prone to the exposure.

关 键 词：医学实习生 血源性物质 职业暴露 影响因素 

分 类 号：R136.4[医药卫生—劳动卫生]