精养虾池主要生态因子变化特点与相关性分析  

Study on variation characteristics and correlation analysis of major ecological factors in intensive shrimp ponds

作　　者：陈金玲[1] 赖秋明[1] 苏树叶[1] 柯杨勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]海南大学海洋学院,海南海口570228

出　　处：《南方水产科学》2012年第4期49-56,共8页South China Fisheries Science

基　　金：美国ACRSP项目(09BMA04UM);海南大学211工程创新人才计划项目

摘　　要：2011年4月至7月,对海南省儋州市排浦对虾养殖场3口凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)精养池塘水体中的叶绿素a(Chl-a)、浮游动物、异养细菌、弧菌、活性磷(PO34--P)等16项环境因子进行全程定期测定,分析养殖过程中主要生态因子的变化特点及其相互关系。结果显示,养殖过程中水体的溶解氧(DO)、pH和透明度呈现缓慢下降的趋势,悬浮物(TSS)、化学耗氧量(COD)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO2--N)、氨氮(NH4+-N)、浮游动物、异养细菌和弧菌则呈现出逐渐增加的趋势。ρ(Chl-a)的变化特征表现为养殖前期低,中后期逐渐升高;Chl-a与硝酸盐氮(NO3--N)呈极显著的正相关,与PO34--P呈负相关。桡足类密度与TSS呈极显著的正相关,与异养细菌、弧菌、轮虫密度呈显著正相关,与Chl-a、COD呈正相关,但不显著。异养细菌与COD呈极显著的正相关,与TSS呈显著的正相关,与透明度呈显著的负相关;弧菌与TSS呈极显著的正相关,与COD呈显著的正相关,与pH、DO呈显著的负相关。To study the variation characteristics and correlation of major ecological factors in intensive shrimp farming ponds,we measured 16 aquatic ecological factors including the concentration of chlorophyll a（Chl-a） as well as the density of zooplankton,heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio,active phosphorus（PO3-4-P）,etc.in 3 farming ponds of Litopenaeus vannamei in Paipu,Danzhou,from April to July in 2011.The results show that the values of DO,pH and transparency decreased slowly,and the total suspended soiled（TSS）,chemical oxygen demand（COD）,nitrite nitrogen（NO-2-N）,ammonia nitrogen（NH＋4-N）as well as the density of zooplankton,heterotrophic bacteria and vibrio slowly increased during the culture period.The concentration of Chl-a was low in the earlier stage but increased gradually in the mid and latter stages;Chl-a had a very significant positive correlation with NO-3-N and a negative correlation with PO3-4-P.The density of Copepod had a very significantly positive correlation with TSS and a significantly positive correlation with the density of heterotrophic bacteria,vibrio and rotifer,but had no significant correlation with Chl-a and COD.The density of heterotrophic bacteria had a very significant positive correlation with COD and TSS,but had a significantly negative correlation with transparency.The density of vibrio was very significantly correlated with TSS and COD,but had a significantly negative correlation with pH and DO.

关 键 词：凡纳滨对虾 叶绿素A 浮游动物 细菌 水质 相关性 

分 类 号：S967.4[农业科学—水产养殖]