杭州地区外来有害植物的入侵扩散途径·危害及防治对策  

The Invasive and Spread Patterns,Harmfulness,Countermeasures of Exotic Harmful Plants in Hangzhou District

作　　者：谢国雄 徐正浩[2] 陈为民[3] 袁侠凡 

机构地区：[1]浙江省杭州市植保土肥总站,浙江杭州310020 [2]浙江大学环境与资源学院,浙江省亚热带土壤与植物营养重点研究实验室,浙江杭州310058 [3]杭州市林业水利局,浙江杭州310014 [4]浙江天凌农业科技有限公司,浙江诸暨311800

出　　处：《农业灾害研究》2012年第3期37-41,51,共6页Journal of Agricultural Catastrophology

基　　金：基金项目农业部农业公益性行业科研专项经费课题"水稻化感物质对杂草的生长调控及除治技术研究"(2012-2016);浙江省科技计划面上项目(2008C23010);教育部人文社会科学研究一般项目(06JAZH001);浙江省教育厅科研计划项目(Y201224845);杭州市科技计划软科学重点研究项目(20061224M14)

摘　　要：据调查分析,杭州地区共有63种外来陆生植物和5种外来水生植物。陆生入侵植物中菊科种类最多,占入侵陆生植物的30.16%;5种入侵水生植物分属不同的5个科。原产美洲的外来入侵陆生植物43种,占入侵陆生植物68.25%;来自欧洲7种,占11.11%;来自亚洲其他地区6种,占9.52%;来自欧亚大陆和非洲的各3种,各占4.76%;来自热带亚洲1种,占1.60%。5种外来入侵水生植物全部来自美洲。有意引进的入侵陆生植物占陆生入侵植物的44.44%,无意引进的占55.56%。有意引进的入侵陆生植物通过人工引种、农作活动、带土苗木及鸟类传播扩散;无意引进的通过自然扩散、农作活动等途径扩散。5种外来入侵水生植物全部为有意引进,人工引种加速其扩散。外来入侵陆生植物多数是有害杂草,充当病虫害寄主植物,导致作物减产,影响生物多样性,一些植物有毒,危害人类健康。外来入侵水生植物常形成优势群落,影响排灌、通航,为蚊蝇提供寄生场所。加强检疫,有效控制,强化研究,注重宣传和部门合作,建立防治和管理长效机制是应对入侵植物的重要策略。Totally 63 terrestrial inva- sive plant species and 5 aquatic invasive plant species were identified in Hangzhou district by investigation and analysis. The numbers of compositae plants among the terrestrial invasive plant species were the largest, account- ing for 30.16%, and the 5 aquatic invasive plant species belonged to different families. About 43 kinds of terrestrial in- vasive plant species came from America, making up 68.25%, and 7 kinds from Europe, 6 kinds from other parts of Asia districts, 3 kinds from Eurasia, 3 kinds from Africa, 1 kind from tropic Asia, ac- counting for 11.11%, 9.52%, 4.76%, 4.76% and 1.60%, respectively. Five aquatic invasive plant species were all from America.The percentage of inten- tional introduction alien plants account- ed for 44.44% in terrestrial invasive plant species, meanwhile, the percentage of unintentional introduction alien plants made up 55.56%. The intentional intro- duction terrestrial invasive plant species diffused through artificial introduction, farming activities, soil of nursery stock and bird＇ s carriage. Wherease, the unin- tentional introduction terrestrial invasiveplant species were spread by natural force and farming activities. All of the 5 aquatic invasive plant species were intro- duced by intentionally and the subse- quent introduction precipitated further proliferation. Most of terrestrial invasive plant species were the pernicious weeds, acting as the host of disease and insects, causing crop yield loss, leading biodiver- sity deprivation. Some of the terrestrial invasive plant species were poisonous and harm to human health. The aquatic invasive plant species constantly form advantageous population, affecting irri- gation and navigation, providing conve- nient places for flies and mosquitoes. In- tensifying quarantine inspection, consoli- dating control, strengthening research, paying more attention on propagation and cooperation among different depart- ments, setting up a long mechanism of prevention and management were the important strate

关 键 词：杭州地区 入侵植物 入侵扩散途径 危害 防治对策 

分 类 号：Q948.2[生物学—植物学]