X光管的构造、原理及应用  

Structure,principle and application of X-ray tube

作　　者：邵欣[1] 邓玉福[1] 马跃[1] 于桂英[1] 

机构地区：[1]沈阳师范大学物理科学与技术学院,沈阳110034

出　　处：《沈阳师范大学学报（自然科学版）》2012年第3期354-359,共6页Journal of Shenyang Normal University:Natural Science Edition

基　　金：辽宁省科技厅自然科学基金资助项目(20092069);2011年沈阳师范大学重大原创性科学研究项目

摘　　要：针对多种不同类型的X光管的结构性能进行了综合阐述。介绍了一般常规的X光管的构造、主要部件的工作原理以及影响其性能的参数设置,并对几种具有特殊结构的反射式X光管的结构设计、适用范围、性能优势等作了系列说明。分析了透射阳极X光管的结构及其具有的较高射线产生率和辐照通量密度的特点,从热膨胀系数及晶格常数匹配角度探讨了靶材选取的依据。研究结果表明,X光管在其发展完善的过程中,阴极和阳极的结构设计会对其性能产生重大的影响,阴极的装配高度和阳极的构造形态会影响到X射线的产生效率,各种结构设计方式终其目的都是要获得更加稳定的X射线束,更加灵巧轻便的装配,以及有效的辐照通量和更低的功率损耗。The structure and properties of different X-ray tubes are comprehensively described in this paper.We study the conventional X-ray tube in its construction,working principle,as well as the parameter settings which may affect its performance,then we also make a series of instructions of the structure design,the scope of application,and the performance advantages of several special reflection X-ray tubes.We further analyze the structure of the transmission anode X-ray tube which has higher X-ray production and radiation flux density,and discuss the basis of material selection about the target from the perspective of the matching of the thermal expansion coefficient and the lattice constant.The result demonstrates that the structural design of cathode and anode of the X-ray tube influence significantly the performance in the process of improvement.The filament placement and the structure of the anode can directly affect the efficiency of X-ray.All of these modes of the structural design result in more stable X-ray beam,more dexterous and light assembly,more effective irradiation flux and lower power loss.

关 键 词：X光管 透射阳极 X射线 

分 类 号：TH703[机械工程—仪器科学与技术]