日粮阴阳离子平衡(DCAB)对热应激肉牛生产性能的影响  

Effects of Dietary Cation-anion Balance on Performance of Heat-stressed Beef Cattle

作　　者：曹玉凤[1,2,3] 李秋凤[1,2,3] 高艳霞[1,2,3] 于海川[4] 李建国[1,2,3] 冯志华[1] 陈福音[1] 崔秋佳[1] 赵会利[1] 王美美[1] 

机构地区：[1]河北农业大学动物科技学院,保定071001 [2]河北省牛羊胚胎工程技术研究中心,保定071001 [3]河北农业大学养牛科学研究所,保定071001 [4]河北省隆化县农牧局,承德068150

出　　处：《畜牧兽医学报》2012年第8期1239-1246,共8页ACTA VETERINARIA ET ZOOTECHNICA SINICA

基　　金：国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系建设专项资金资助(CARS-38);河北省科技支撑计划(10220401D)

摘　　要：为了研究日粮中不同DCAB对热应激肉牛生产性能、各种生理指标以及外周血淋巴细胞凋亡的影响,选择30头体质量(450±10)kg的西门塔尔牛杂交牛,随机分为3组,每组10头,各组试验日粮分别为Ⅰ组对照组(DCAB为108meq.kg-1 DM)、Ⅱ组(228meq.kg-1 DM)、Ⅲ组(347meq.kg-1 DM)。试验结果表明,日粮中DCAB对热应激肉牛的直肠温度无显著影响,随DCAB的增加线性降低肉牛的呼吸频率(P<0.05)。肉牛日增体质量随DCAB的增加而逐渐增加,其中Ⅱ和Ⅲ组分别比对照组提高29%(P<0.05)和25%(P<0.05),料重比分别降低了17.34%(P<0.05)和11.46%(P>0.05),日粮NDF和ADF的表观消化率有增加的趋势,Ca、灰分表观消化率呈现二次变化,蛋白质和脂肪的表观消化率无显著变化。与对照组相比,Ⅱ和Ⅲ组血清T4水平分别增加58.1%(P<0.05)和31.9%(P>0.05),SOD水平分别增加18.98%(P>0.05)和48.18%(P>0.05)。日粮中增加DCAB值对血清中血糖、尿素氮、白蛋白等无显著影响。增加DCAB可以显著降低热应激肉牛外周血淋巴细胞早期凋亡率(P<0.01)、晚期凋亡率(P<0.01)和总凋亡率(P<0.01),降低淋巴细胞的比例(P<0.05),提高肉牛抵抗热应激的能力。综合各项指标,在热应激条件下,日粮中适宜的DCAB值为228meq.kg-1 DM。The objective of this trial was to study the effects of different DCAB on the production performance,blood chemistry and lymphocyte apoptosis of heat-stressed beef cattle.30 Simmental cattle with similar weight（（450±10）kg） were randomly divided into three groups,every group contains ten cattle.The diets of three experimental groups was group Ⅰ（control group,DCAB,108 meq·kg-1 DM）,group Ⅱ（228 meq·kg-1 DM）,group Ⅲ（347 meq·kg-1 DM）.The results showed that,under the condition of heat stress,different DCAB value in diet didn’t influence rectal temperature,while the respiratory rate decreased linearly with increasing DCAB（P〈0.05）.Compared with control group,daily weight gain of beef cattle in group Ⅱ and Ⅲ increased 29%（P〈0.05） and 25%（P〈0.05）,respectively,feed conversion（feed/gain）decreased by 17.34%（P〈0.05） and 11.46%（P〉0.05）,respectively.With the increasing DCAB,dietary NDF and ADF apparent digestibility improved（P〉0.05）,Ca,ash apparent digestibility showed quadratic change,crude protein and crude fat apparent digestibility had no significant difference.Compared with the control group,serum T4 levels of groupⅡ and group Ⅲ were increased 58.1%（P〈0.05） and 31.9%（P〉0.05）,respectively,SOD levels increased 18.98%（P〉0.05） and 48.18%（P〉0.05）,respectively.Increasing DCAB had no significant effect on serum glucose and urea nitrogen,albumin.Increased DCAB could significantly reduce lymphocytes early apoptosis（P〈0.01）,late apoptosis（P〈0.01） and total apoptosis rate（P〈0.01）,reduce the proportion of lymphocytes（P〈0.05） in peripheral blood of beef cattle,and improve the ability to resist heat stress.In conclusion,the suitable level of DCAB was 228 meq·kg-1 DM in diet of heat-stressed beef cattle.

关 键 词：肉牛 热应激 离子平衡 生产性能 细胞凋亡 

分 类 号：S823.92[农业科学—畜牧学] S815.4[农业科学—畜牧兽医]