一致或偏离:阶级理论与基层土改中的阶级划分——以江西石城为例  

Agreement or Deviation: Theory of Class and the Division of Class in Land Reform——the Example of Shicheng County in Jiangxi Province

作　　者：何朝银[1] 

机构地区：[1]福州大学人文社会科学学院,福建福州350108

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2012年第4期140-149,共10页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：2012年度国家社科基金项目<土地改革;人民公社化对差序格局的影响研究>(12CSH003);福州大学人才引进基金项目<革命与差序:乡土社会变迁(1949-1976)--以江西省石城县为个案>(022339)

摘　　要：本文选择了宗族较发达的江西石城为个案,以乡、村两级为研究对象,来探讨基层土改中的阶级划分标准、土改理由与中共的阶级理论之间关系。至于阶级划分标准,中共强调的是生产资料占有关系及其使用关系;土改一般是以乡或村为单位,乡、村的土地分配状况地区差异较大,基层的阶级划分标准与中共的或一致或偏离。总体而言,基层遵循了生产资料占有关系为阶级划分的标准,只是一些"无地主或富农"的村庄出现了"拔高"阶级成份现象。面对"偏离"时,往往是"客观性现实"服从"表述性现实",出现了划分标准的政治化、主观化。至于土改理由,中共认为是"两极分化严重";而在基层,"有(大)地主"、"无地主"状况均可能存在。如江西石城"土地分散",中共要面对无"阶级敌人"可斗的尴尬,但却有大量公产的存在。基于中共关于公产的阶级剥削性的理论解释,基层土改将大量公产纳入到"地主、富农"统计。这不仅修正了基层乡村"无地主"的结论,而且使革命顺利进行。To explore the reform of basic class standard,the relationship between land reform reason and CPC’s class theory,this paper chooses Shicheng County where the clan is developed in Jiangxi Province as a case and the objects of study are township and village.As for the divisional standard of class,the emphasis is the possession of productive relation and its usage.In general,land reform used a township or village as a unit.Because the difference of land distribution in town and village is large,the standard of class in the land reform between primary and central authority appears aligned or misaligned.Overall,grassroots followed the possession of means of productive relationship for the standard of class division,while some villages of no landlords or rich peasants appear elevated class component phenomenon.In the face of deviation,the objective reality is often under the formulation of reality,at the same time it appears differentiated political and subjective standard.As for the reason of land reform,what the Communist Party of China considered is serious polarization.But in the primary,either big landlord or no landlord is likely to exist.Take shicheng county with dispersive land but plenty of communist existence as example.,CPC would face the embarrassment of no class enemies to fight. Based on the Chinese Communist Party’s public class exploitation of theoretical explanations,basic land reform would count a large number of public property into the landlord and kulak statistics,which not only corrected the rural landlord conclusion,but also made revolution smoothly.

关 键 词：土地改革 阶级划分 表述性现实 客观性现实 

分 类 号：D420[政治法律—政治学]