野生樱桃李实生后代果实性状变异分析及优异种质挖掘  

The Analysis of Characteristic Variations of the Seedlings of Xinjiang Wild Myrobalan Plum and Excavation of the Excellent Germplasm Resources

作　　者：冀晓昊[1] 张芮[1] 毛志泉[1] 匡林光 鹿明芳 王燕[1] 张艳敏[1] 陈学森[1] 

机构地区：[1]山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室,山东泰安271018 [2]山东省胶州市农业局,山东胶州266300

出　　处：《园艺学报》2012年第8期1551-1558,共8页Acta Horticulturae Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31171932);山东省农业良种工程项目(鲁科农字[2011]186号)

摘　　要：以定植在山东青岛胶州的新疆野生樱桃李(Prunus cerasifera Ehrh.)2.8万株实生苗及其35个随机实生株系成熟果实为试材,进行了实生后代性状变异及优异种质挖掘的初步研究,旨在为野生樱桃李资源保护与利用提供基本资料。研究结果表明:①除果形指数及Mg含量之外,单果质量等果实形态性状、果皮花青素、果肉可溶性固形物、果糖、葡萄糖、蔗糖、苹果酸、草酸、乳酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸及Ca、Fe、Zn等矿质元素含量存在较丰富的变异,变异系数均在10%以上,其中单果质量变异幅度2.62～22.66g,变异系数高达70.10%,进一步选择的潜力很大;②依据单果质量、自然坐果率及树姿等特性,在定植成活的2.8万株实生苗群体中选育出了41个优良单株,进一步挖掘出了单果质量在11g以上、果肉可溶性固形物含量在12%以上的大果型、高糖型及高酸型等优异种质7份。To excavate excellent germplasm resources, the characteristic variations among the ripening fruits of 35 randomly chosen progeny seedlings from the totally planted 28 000 wild myrobalan plum（Prunus cerasifera Ehrh. ）seedlings were preliminary investigated in the orchard located in Jiaozhou, Shandong. This research provided basic data for scientific protection and sustainable utilization of the wild resources of myrobalan plum. The results indicated that except shape index and the content of Mg, there were considerable variations in the fruit morphological traits, the content of anthocyanin, soluble solids content （SSC）, fructose, glucose, sucrose, malicacid, oxalic acid, lactic acid, citric acid, succinic acid and mineral element （Ca, Fe, Zn）. The variation coefficients were above 10%. Statistic analysis showed that the variation was in line with normal distribution. Among them, the fruit weight variation ranges from 2.62 - 22.66 g with variation coefficient of 70.10%. It indicated that this group has the large potential for further selection. Forty-one elite plants were discovered from 28 000 seedlings according to fruit weight, rate of fruit set by other pollen and tree habit. Further more, we excavated seven excellent germplasm resources, whose fruit weight were above 11 g and soluble solids content were above 12%, including 3 types of large fruit, high-sugar and high-acid.

关 键 词：野生樱桃李 实生群体 表型性状 优异种质 

分 类 号：S662.3[农业科学—果树学]