滴灌年限对土壤盐分分布及棉花的影响  

Influence of Drip Irrigation Years on Soil Salinity Distribution and Cotton

作　　者：李朝阳[1] 郑旭荣[1] 王振华[1] 宋常吉[1] 姜国军[1] 

机构地区：[1]现代节水灌溉兵团重点实验室石河子大学水利建筑工程学院,新疆石河子832000

出　　处：《节水灌溉》2012年第8期39-42,共4页Water Saving Irrigation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(50969008)

摘　　要：针对新疆盐碱地的改良及土壤次生盐渍化的问题,定点监测了121团开荒应用膜下滴灌技术种植棉花从第2年到第4年连续3年的盐分变化,并与荒地盐分对比。结果表明:滴灌2年,各个土层土壤含盐量在生育期初与生育期末变化较小,积盐现象与荒地相比有所减轻;随着滴灌年限的增加,各个土层土壤含盐量均呈减少趋势;滴灌4年后各个土层土壤含盐量再分布比较明显,0～20cm土层及120～140cm土层含盐量最大,40～60cm与80～100cm土层土壤含盐量较小,棉花根系主要分布的40～60cm土层土壤含盐量最小;滴灌4年土壤含盐量基本满足种子出苗,平均成活率从6.9%,增加到94.5%,但是棉花平均株高、平均单株铃数及产量仅为正常棉花的66%、53%和57%,相对较低。对于滴灌4年后的盐碱地应继续加大水盐调控的力度。Aiming at the problem of saline-alkali land amelioration and the soil secondary salinization, the soil salinity change from the 2nd to the 4th year in cotton field under the condition of under-mulch drip irrigation is continually monitored and compared with that in wasteland. The results show that after drip irrigation for 2 years, the salinity in each soil layer changes little in the growth period and the salinity-gathering phenomenon is lower than that in wasteland. The salinity in each soil layer reduces with the increased of the drip irrigation years. After drip irrigation for 4 years, the salinity in each soil layer has a new distribution, the salinity in 0-20 cm layer and 120-140 cm layer is maximum and that in 40-60 cm layer and 80-100 cm layer is less. The salinity in 40-60 cm layer, which is the main layer of cotton root distribution, is minimum. After drip irrigation for 4 years, the soil salinity can meet the need for cotton seedling, the average survival rate increases from 6.9% to 94. 5%. But the average height, the average boll number of single plant and the output is lower than that of normal cotton. So controlling the water and salt should be strengthened for the sa- line-alkali land after drip irrigation for 4years.

关 键 词：膜下滴灌 滴灌年限 土壤盐分 棉花产量 

分 类 号：S275.6[农业科学—农业水土工程] S156.4[农业科学—农业工程]