小麦高产高效施肥技术研究  

Study on High Yield and High Efficiency Fertilization Techniques of Spring Wheat

作　　者：靳存旺 岳玉凤 李彬瑞 陶建光 段玉[3] 郎松岩[3] 

机构地区：[1]五原县农业技术推广中心,内蒙古隆兴昌015100 [2]五原县气象局,内蒙古隆兴昌015100 [3]内蒙古农牧业科学院,内蒙古呼和浩特010031

出　　处：《内蒙古农业科技》2012年第4期51-53,共3页Inner Mongolia Agricultural Science and Technology

基　　金：国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)中国项目部资助

摘　　要：为研究施肥对小麦产量和养分利用效率的影响,采用田间小区试验方法测定了不同施肥条件下的小麦生育期、产量构成因素、产量、养分吸收及肥料利用率等,结果表明:施肥促进了小麦增产,不同施肥处理产量高低顺序依次为NPK>NK>NP>PK>CK。施用氮、磷、钾化肥分别增产69.1%,7.8%和27.7%;每kg N、P2O5和K2O分别增产小麦15.4kg、3.3kg和14.1kg。不同施肥处理小麦株高、穗长、穗粒数及地上部干物质重大小顺序依次为NPK>NK>NP>PK>CK。不施肥和不施氮会导致小麦提早成熟,生育期缩短,不施磷导致小麦成熟延迟,生育期延长,千粒重下降。氮磷钾平衡施用时N、P2O5和K2O的养分利用率分别为39.6%、14.3%和56.4%;生产100kg小麦吸收N、P2O5和K2O分别为3.04kg、1.38kg和2.71kg。Spring wheat growth period, field component,yield,nutrient uptake and fertilizer use efficiency of were measured in a field plot test to study the effect of fertilization on the spring wheat yield and its component.The five treatments were optimal fertilization （NPK）,no P fertilizer （NK）,no N fertilizer（PK）,no K fertilizer（NP） and no fertilizer（ek）.The results showed that the spring wheat was matured earlier and the growth period was shorted for no N fertilizer,on the contrary,the wheat was matured later and the growth period was longer for no P fertilizer.The high, ear length,grain number per spike and dry mater weight were NPK〉NK〉NP〉PK〉ek.The yield was increased by applying fertilizer and the yield was increased by 69.1% and 7.8% and 27.7% for N and P and K fertilizer separately.15.4 and 3.3 and 14.1kg grain were increased by per kg N and P2O5 and K2O.In the treatment of optimal fertilization the use efficiency of N and P2O5 and K2O were 39.6% and 14.3% and 56.4% separately.And 3.04kg and 1.38kg and 2.71kg N and P2O5 and K2O were absorbed to produce 100kg grain.

关 键 词：小麦 高产 高效 肥料利用率 

分 类 号：S512[农业科学—作物学] S147