暗紫贝母及浙贝母醇水提取物镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用比较研究  

Pharmacodynamic Compariason between Aqueous Extracts and Ethanol Extractes from Fritillaria unibracteata and Fritillaria thunbergii

作　　者：颜晓燕[1,2] 童志远[3] 晏子俊[2] 罗燕秋[2] 唐丽[2] 吴珊珊[2] 杨军[2] 彭成[1] 

机构地区：[1]成都中医药大学药学院,成都610075 [2]成都医学院药学院,成都610083 [3]成都医学院第一附属医院,成都610513

出　　处：《中国实验方剂学杂志》2012年第16期250-254,共5页Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae

基　　金：灾区药材资源恢复重建与综合开发利用研究及示范"十一五"国家科技支撑计划重点项目(2009BAI84B00)

摘　　要：目的:比较暗紫贝母粉末、暗紫贝母醇提取物、暗紫贝母水提取物、暗紫贝母醇提及水提混合物、浙贝母醇提及水提混合物的镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用及作用的差异程度。方法:小鼠氨水引咳及豚鼠枸橼酸引咳法比较其镇咳作用;小鼠酚红排痰及大鼠毛细管排痰法比较其祛痰作用;整体动物引喘实验法比较其平喘作用。每个实验均分为7组,分别为阴性对照组,阳性对照组,暗紫贝母粉末组,暗紫贝母醇提物组,暗紫贝母水提取物组,暗紫贝母醇提及水提混合物,浙贝母醇提及水提混合物组,阴性组采用蒸馏水或生理盐水ig 5 d,镇咳实验中5个贝母组的剂量分别为:5.0 g.kg-1(小鼠)、1.5 g.kg-1(豚鼠),阳性对照药为磷酸可待因,剂量分别为:25 mg.kg-1(小鼠)、20 mg.kg-1(豚鼠),祛痰实验中5个贝母组的剂量分别为:1 g.kg-1(大鼠),2 g.kg-1(小鼠),阳性对照药为氯化铵,剂量为1 g.kg-1,平喘实验中5个贝母组的剂量为1.5 g.kg-1,阳性对照药为硫酸沙丁胺醇,剂量为4.5 mg.kg-1,均为ig 5 d。结果:暗紫贝母粉末镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用明显,与阴性组比较差异均有统计学意义,相同剂量下,浙贝母醇提水提混合物组与阴性组比较差异均无统计学意义,未表现出镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用,氨水引咳模型中暗紫贝母醇提物组R为143.21%,枸橼酸引咳模型中5 min内咳嗽次数与阴性组比较,P<0.05;暗紫贝母水提物祛痰作用与阴性组比较,P<0.05;暗紫贝母醇提及水提混合物祛痰作用与阴性组比较,P<0.05,其余作用与浙贝母醇提及水提混合物相当,与阴性组比较,差异无统计学意义。结论:暗紫贝母全粉给药能充分发挥其镇咳、祛痰及平喘作用;暗紫贝母镇咳有效成分可能主要集中在醇提物中,暗紫贝母祛痰有效成分可能主要集中在其水提物中;50%乙醇提取,药渣水煎可能会造成暗紫贝母部分有效成分损失;现有剂量条件下,浙贝母不能发挥其�Objective： Experiments were carried on to identify the pharmacodynamic differences between aqueous extracts and Ethanol Extractes from Fritillaria unibracteata and F. thunbergii. Method： The antitussive effects were investigated through observng the cough time and 50% effect time （ET50） induced by ammonium hydroxide in mice, the counts of cough induced by critic acid in guinea pigs. The expectorant activity was studied by testing the amount of phlegm secreted in mice and rats. The antiasthma effects were studied by the asthma timeinduced by acetylcholine chloride and histamine phosphate in guinea pigs. The dose of 5 Fritillarias in the antitussive experiment was 5 g·kg^-1 in mice and 1.5 g·kg^-1 in guinea pig. The codeine phosphate saved as positive control on the dose of 25 mg·kg^-1 in mice and 20 mg·kg^-1 in guinea pigs. The dose offritillarias was 2 g ·kg^-1in mice. and 1 g·kg^-1 in rat, the ammonium chloride saved as positive control on the dose of 1 g ·kg^-1. The dose of 5 fritillarias was 1.5 g·kg^-1 and the salbutamol sulfate saved as positive control on the dose of 4.5 mg ·kg^-1. Result： F. unibracteata powder had conspicuous effect on elimilating cough sputum and asthma, the difference between was significant P 〈 0.05. The ethanol extracts of F. unibracteata had similar eliminating phlegm activity, the difference of ETs0 and cough times between the two groups was significant P 〈 0.05. The aqueous extractives and the composition of aqueous and ethanol extracts of F. unibracteata had similar eliminating cough activity, the difference was significant P 〈 0.05. Conclusion： Aqueous extracts of F. unibracteata may be the expectorant effective constituent and the ethanol extractis of F. unibracteata may be the anti-tussive effective constituent.

关 键 词：暗紫贝母 浙贝母 镇咳 祛痰 平喘 

分 类 号：R285.5[医药卫生—中药学]