油田废弃核桃壳滤料的污染物分析及其对土壤的影响研究  

Contaminations of Waste Walnut-Shell Filtering Materials and the Impact on Soil Environment in Oil Field

作　　者：朱艳吉[1] 匡丽[1] 王宝辉[1] 汪怀远[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北石油大学化学化工学院,黑龙江大庆163318

出　　处：《农业环境科学学报》2012年第8期1532-1536,共5页Journal of Agro-Environment Science

基　　金：国家自然基金项目(51175066;50903010)

摘　　要：核桃壳滤料广泛应用于油田污水处理,每年因此产生大量的废弃核桃壳滤料,由于将其露天堆砌在地面上,滤料上的污染物在降水、风力、地表径流等的作用下发生迁移,直接影响到堆砌场地周边的土壤、大气、水源的质量。采用标准方法对油田废弃核桃壳滤料上的污染物组成进行分析的结果表明,主要污染物为原油、CaCO3和Cd2+、Pb2+重金属离子,污染物总含量较高,与原油组成相比,废弃核桃壳滤料上的芳烃含量增加较多,饱和烃和胶质有所减少。借助一维对流-弥散方程建立了模拟石油类污染物在土壤中迁移转化规律的数学模型,通过室内土柱实验确定模型参数,同时验证模型的准确性。将实验及模拟的结果相结合可知,该模型可以用来模拟石油类污染物在土壤中的迁移规律,符合y=y0+A1exp(-x/t1)+A2exp(-x/t2)规律。研究结果为油田废弃滤料对土壤环境的影响及治理提供了参考。Due to high surface area, excellent adsorption and desorption, and low cost, walnut shell is widely used for filtering materials of the produced water in oil field. A lot of waste walnut-shell filtering materials are discharged in the oil production. The waste walnut shell filter is generally discarded on the soil. So, it is obvious that effect of the pollutions from the waste walnut shell on the soil, atmosphere, and water by the way of precipitation, wind and surface water. In this paper, the contaminations of waste walnut shell filter from oil field were analysed by national standard methods. It was found that the content of crude oil, CaCO3, Cd2＋ and Pb2＋reached 17.55%, 1.51%, 1.33 mg·kg-1 and 317.3 mg· kg-l, respectively, and the high COD origins from pollutions. Compared with the average crude oil, the aroma fraction was concentrated in the waste walnut shell while the saturated hydrocarbon and colloid composition was decreased. The reason was that the aroma was stable while the saturated hydrocarbon and colloid were easily degraded. For studying the migration of petroleum contaminants in the soil, a mathe- matic model of petroleum pollutant transport was developed by one dimensional convection-dispersion equation（ CDE ）, and its parameters were determined by indoor soil column experiments. Combined with the experimental and simulation results, the migration of petroleum pollu- tion in the soil was expressed by y=yo＋A1exp（-x/t1 ）＋A2exp（-x/t2）, in which Yo, A1, A2, t1 and t2 could be determined by experiments. It was verified that the model was suitable for predicting the distribution of petroleum in soil. The results can provide some references for the influ- ences of waste walnut shell filter on the soil and its treatments in oil fields.

关 键 词：油田 废弃核桃壳滤料 污染物分析 数学模型 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]