“妇愚无知”:嘉道时期民事案件审理中的县官与下层妇女  

“Women Are Ignorant:” Magistrates and Lower-Class Women in the Trials of Civil Cases during Jiaqing and Daoguang Reigns

作　　者：毛立平[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国人民大学清史研究所

出　　处：《清史研究》2012年第3期100-110,共11页The Qing History Journal

基　　金：教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目资助;项目批准号10YJC770068;中国人民大学985工程新时期经费的资助

摘　　要：本文通过民事案件审理过程中县官对女性当事人的裁决和妇女对县官的回应及互动两个角度,探讨了清代嘉道时期下层妇女的法律地位和法律意识。揭示出尽管县官在裁决中往往对妇女予以"优待",其实质是妇女本身不被视作完全的法律行为责任人,法律权利和地位极其有限,仍体现为男性的附属物。县官在审理女性案件时,其重心往往不在于司法公正,而在于整饬人伦风化。但另一方面,多数下层妇女对于自身的法律地位十分明了,并具有一定的法律意识。她们利用供词和诉状等形式积极地与县官沟通,并巧妙利用自己的弱势地位博得同情、逃脱惩处,最大限度地为自己争得利益。This article probes into the legal status and consciousness of lower-class women in the Jiaqing and Daoguang reigns of Qing Dynasty （1796--1850） from the perspective of magistrates＇ judgments on women and women＇s responding. Although women were given some special treatment by magistrates, they were not considered as people with full capacity for civil conduct. Women were still seen as men＇s dependents with limited legal status and rights. During the process of the trials, most magistrates did not focus on justice for women, but on correcting social customs. On the other hand, many lower-class women were clear about their legal status and had a certain legal consciousness. They communicated positively with the magistrates in plaints and confessions, and made good use of their weak position to get magistrates＇ sympathy, to escape punishments and to protect their interests.

关 键 词：下层女性 县官 民事案件 嘉道时期 

分 类 号：D929[政治法律—法学] K249.3[历史地理—历史学]