上海市卢湾区社区老年人盲与低视力流行病学调查  

An epidemiological investigation of blindness and vision impairment in older adults of Luwan District,Shanghai

作　　者：马晓芸[1] 吴建华[1] 卢慧敏[1] 沈斌[1] 徐枫 刘淮玉[1] 朱剑锋[3] 

机构地区：[1]上海市卢湾区疾病预防控制中心,上海200023 [2]上海市卢湾区淮海社区卫生服务中心,上海200025 [3]上海市眼病防治中心,上海200040

出　　处：《中华疾病控制杂志》2012年第8期658-660,共3页Chinese Journal of Disease Control & Prevention

基　　金：上海市卫生局青年科研项目(2009Y129)

摘　　要：目的探讨上海市卢湾区淮海社区65岁及以上老年人的盲与低视力患病率、致盲原因及其相关因素。方法采用整群抽样方法,按照世界卫生组织视力损伤标准确立盲或低视力,并明确主要致盲原因。结果实际受检2 299人。按照世界卫生组织视力损伤标准判断,本次调查双眼盲与低视力的患病率分别为0.74%、5.83%;单眼盲与低视力患病率分别为2.78%、7.22%。年龄相关性黄斑变性(age-related macular degeneration,AMD)、老年性白内障、白内障术后、高度近视、眼球萎缩(青光眼)是前五位致盲与低视力眼病。年龄、眼相关慢病史(糖尿病史、高血压史)、眼病史均是致盲与低视力的危险因素。结论在上海逐渐步入老龄化社会的大环境下,AMD、老年性白内障、糖尿病视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)成为主要的致盲原因,因此需加强对这类社区人群的关注度和认知度,进行有针对性的眼保健教育与服务工作。Objective To investigate the prevalence of blindness and low vision and the leading causes of blindness in residents aged ≥65 years in Huaihai blocks,Shanghai.Methods Randomly cluster sampling was used to identify the adults aged ≥65 years in Huaihai blocks,Shanghai.Visual impairment according to World Health Organization standards established blind or low vision.And the leading causes of visual impairment were assured.Results Of 2 299 enumerated subjects ≥65 years of age.The prevalence of blindness and low vision were 0.74% and 5.83% respectively.The lesding causes of blindness and low vision were age-related macular degeneration,cataract,cataract surgery,high myopia,ocular absence or atrophy（glaucoma）.Age,eye diseases and history of diabetes,hypertension were the risk factors of blindness and low vision.Conclusions In rapidly urbanized and aging community of Shanghai,age-related macular degeneration（AMD）,cataract,diabetic retinopathy（DR） are major cause of blindness.These kinds of residents need more targeted eye health education and services.

关 键 词：盲 视力 低 流行病学研究 

分 类 号：R181.2[医药卫生—流行病学] R77[医药卫生—公共卫生与预防医学]