九龙江口春季微型浮游生物数量变动及其与小型水母消长的关系  

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN QUANTITATIVE CHANGES OF MICROPLANKTON AND POPULATION DYNAMICS OF SMALL MEDUSA IN THE JIULONG RIVER ESTUARY IN SPRING OF 2011

作　　者：黄旭光[1,2] 郭东晖[3] 肖武鹏[1] 郭卫东[3] 黄邦钦[1] 

机构地区：[1]厦门大学环境与生态学院 福建省海陆界面生态环境联合重点实验室,厦门361005 [2]漳州师范学院化学与环境科学系,漳州363000 [3]厦门大学海洋与地球学院,厦门361005

出　　处：《海洋与湖沼》2012年第3期579-583,共5页Oceanologia Et Limnologia Sinica

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)资助项目,2011CB403603号;国家自然科学基金项目,40806060号;福建省教育厅科技项目,JA09164号

摘　　要：通过2011年春季对九龙江口的生态调查,对浮游植物、微型浮游动物以及小型水母的种类组成和数量变动特征并对分粒级叶绿素进行了研究,同时还分析了营养盐、温度和盐度等环境参数。调查共记录浮游植物种类45种,以硅藻门的中肋骨条藻(Skeletonema costatum)、颗粒直链藻(Melosira granulate)、针杆藻(Synedra spp.),以及绿藻门的斜生栅藻(Scenedesmus obliquus)、甲藻门的微小亚历山大藻(Alexandrium minutum),蓝藻门的优美平裂藻(Merismopedia elegans)具有较高的检出率;微型浮游动物分为4大类,红色中缢虫(Mesodinium rubrum)占有最大的比例为55.5%-79.8%,无壳纤毛虫次之,砂壳纤毛虫和无节幼体所占的比例均不足10%;小型水母种类组成中主要以弗洲指突水母(Blackfordia virginica)、球型侧腕水母(Pleurobrachia globosa)、厦门和平水母(Eirene xiamenensis)以及水螅水母幼体(Hydroidomedusae larvae)为主要优势类群,占小型水母总量的85%以上。小型水母数量在4月底和5月初达到丰度最高值(69.49±29.4)ind/L,此时微型浮游动物数量从小型水母出现初期的峰值(1085±574.66)ind/L下降为(526±152.93)ind/L,同时micro级叶绿素占总叶绿素比例达到最大值(42.26±12.94)%。小型水母数量下降后,微型浮游动物的数量回升。在小型水母数量消长过程中,浮游植物、微型浮游动物和小型水母数量间处于动态平衡。The abundances and compositions of phytoplankton, microzooplankton and small medusa were investigated in the Jiulong River Estuary in spring of 2011, meanwhile environmental factors such as nutrients, temperature, and salin- ity were measured. Totally 45 species of phytoplankton were recorded, and Skeletonema costatum, Melosira granulate, Synedra spp, Scenedesmus obliquus, Alexandrium minutum, and Merismopedia elegans showed high detection rate. Mi- crozooplankton contained four classes, in which Mesodinium rubrum was the most common species, accounting for 55.5%--79.8% of the total population, aloricate ciliates were second; and loricate ciliates and nauplius were less than 10%. The total abundances of Blackfordia virginica, Pleurobrachia globosa, Eirene xiamenensis, and Hydroidomedusae larvae dominated 85% of small medusa species. There was a peak value of small medusa abundances in late April and early May, up to （69.49±29.4）ind/L, and the quantity of microzooplankton decreased from （1085±574.66）ind/L to （526±152.93）ind/L, while the percentage of micro-chlorophyll a in bulk chlorophyll a was （42.26±12.94）%. Then, the abundances of micro- zooplankton increased alone with the decreasing numbers of small medusa. The abundances of phytoplankton, microzoo- plankton, and small medusa were in a dynamic equilibrium during the spring period in this estuary.

关 键 词：小型水母 浮游植物 微型浮游动物 丰度 

分 类 号：Q178.1[生物学—水生生物学]