两种鼢鼠内脏器官形态差异及其分类学意义  

Morphological differences of internal organs in two species of zokor and their significance in classification

作　　者：杨传华[1,2] 都玉蓉[3] 谢久祥[1,2] 崔雪峰[1,2] 苏建平[1] 张同作[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院西北高原生物研究所,西宁810001 [2]中国科学院研究生院,北京100049 [3]青海师范大学生命与地理科学学院,西宁810008

出　　处：《兽类学报》2012年第3期259-265,共7页Acta Theriologica Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(30970366);中国科学院“西部之光”人才培养计划项目(0954021211)

摘　　要：分子生物学研究表明,甘肃鼢鼠（Eospalaxcansus）和高原鼢鼠（Eospalax baileyi）是啮齿目（Rodentia）,鼹形鼠科（Spalacidae）,鼢鼠亚科（Myospalactinae）,中华鼢鼠属（Eospalax）的两个近缘种（Norris et al．，2004；Zhouand Zhou，2008）。这两种鼠是我国西部常见的农、林、牧业害鼠（邴积才等，2001；张三亮等，2001；杨学军等，2006；周雪荣等，2010；马治德和马维海，2011）。它们均为典型的地下鼠，终身生活于封闭的地下洞道中（Nevo，1999），通过挖掘活动获取食物（中国科学院西北高原生物研究所，1989；Norris et al．，2004）和寻找配偶，除短暂的交配期和雌性育幼过程外，雌雄鼠均独居生活。Molecular biology evidence from mitochondrial 12S RNA and cytochrome b genes indicate that Eospalax baileyi and Eospalax cansus are descended from a common ancestor.However,they both spend their whole lives underground and have similar life-styles,resulting in homoplasy in their skulls and teeth.This homoplasy thus has resulted in classification controversies and confusion of application.In order to make clear distinctions between these two zokor species,we examined morphological differences between internal organs of Eospalax baileyi and those in Eospalax cansus.E.baileyi inhabit the eastern and middle region of Qinghai Province,the southern region of Gansu,and the western region of Xizang.E. cansus inhabits the loess plateau regions such as Shaanxi Province,Gansu Province,Ningxia and the eastern part of Qinghai Province.The habitat climate of E.baileyi is colder than that of E.cansus,and at higher altitude.Oxygen partial pressure is lower as well.So according to the geographical distribution and the potential selection pressures,we conducted a comparative study measuring the 21 internal organs indices between the two zokor species.The field work was carried out in the eastern Qinghai Province in spring,2011.Captured animals were dissected on the spot.The species of each specimen was identified,and age and sex were also determined.Measurements of weight were taken before dissecting.The internal organs were carefully removed and the digestive tracts were separated from adhesive and adipose tissue.Weights of stomach,small intestine,large intestine,caecum（all without contents）,heart,liver,spleen,kidney,and lung,and lengths of small intestine, large intestine and caecum were measured.Our results showed that： the wet and dry masses and the length indices of small intestine from E.baileyi were conspicuously greater than that of E.cansus,-1.3,1.25 and 1.69 times respectively. The wet and dry masses of stomach,wet masses of kidney and large intestine from E.cansus were conspicuously greater than that of E.baileyi.

关 键 词：甘肃鼢鼠 高原鼢鼠 内脏器官 形态差异 分类 

分 类 号：Q954[生物学—动物学]