噪声作业工人听力损伤及心率异常与高血压的相关性研究  

Relationship among hearing loss,arrhythmia and hypertension in industrial noise exposure workers

作　　者：张维森 肖吕武[1] 周浩[1] 吴琳[1] 何国权[1] 罗晓丽[1] 江朝强[1] 

机构地区：[1]广州市职业病防治院,广东广州510620

出　　处：《中国工业医学杂志》2012年第4期255-259,312,共6页Chinese Journal of Industrial Medicine

基　　金：广州市医疗卫生机构重点专科科研项目(2009-ZDi-07)

摘　　要：目的探讨噪声作业工人听力损伤、心率改变与高血压的相关性。方法结合职业健康检查对157家工厂14 396名噪声作业工人纯音听力、心电图和血压进行检测,以听力损伤和心率改变分别作为累计噪声暴露量和自主神经功能的反映指标;经性别和接噪工龄分层后,分析调整年龄后听力损伤、心率改变与高血压的相关性。结果(1)调查对象以男性为主,多数在35岁以下,从事噪声作业不足4年;(2)听力异常率男性高于女性,并且随着年龄和接噪工龄的增加而增加;接噪工龄较短的年轻人心率改变异常率较高;(3)男性感音性聋或窦性心动过速者高血压患病风险增加,接噪工龄2.1～4年组感音性聋者和接噪工龄≤2年组窦性心动过速者患高血压相对风险OR(95%CI)分别为4.18(1.56,11.23)和5.64(3.22,9.88)。结论噪声作业严重听力损伤或窦性心动过速与高血压患病风险增加有关,建议关注自主神经功能稳定性较差的噪声作业者的高血压风险。Objective To study the correlation of hearing loss,sinus arrhythmia and hypertension in noise exposured workers.Methods Combining with occupational health surveillance,14 396 workers from 157 factories were investigated including interview,hearing test and other laboratory examination such as pure tone audiometry,electrocardiography and blood pressure measurement ect.Hearing loss and sinus arrhythmia were used as reflect indexes of noise exposure level and autonomic nervous function respectively.The age-adjusted correlations of hearing loss and sinus arrhythmia with hypertension were analyzed respectively after gender and noise exposure duration stratification.Results The results showed that（1）most of the objects were males,age 35 years old and noise exposure duration less than 4 years.（2）The prevalence of hearing loss was significantly higher in males,that was increased with age and exposure duration,while the prevalence of sinus arrhythmia was higher in young,shorter exposured workers.（3）Those male workers suffered from sensorineural hearing loss or sinus tachycardia had higher risk of hypertension.The relative risk value odds ratio（OR）of hypertension were 4.18（1.56—11.23,95%CI）and 5.64（3.22—9.88,95%CI）for those with sensorineural hearing loss in 2.1 to 4 years noise exposure group and those with sinus tachycardia in ≤2 years noise exposure group.Conclusion The results suggested that severe hearing damage and sinus tachycardia are well correlated with increased hypertension risk,and it should be necessary to pay attention to the higher risk of hypertension,especially in those workers who have lower autonomic nervous stability.

关 键 词：工业噪声 听力损伤 窦性心律失常 高血压 自主神经稳定性 

分 类 号：TB53[理学—物理] R54[理学—声学]