底墒对压砂地西瓜生长和产量的影响  

Effect of soil water storage before sowing on growth and yield of watermelon in the field with mulching gravel

作　　者：谭军利[1,2] 田军仓[1,2] 王西娜[3] 赵小勇[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]宁夏大学土木与水利工程学院,宁夏银川750021 [2]宁夏节水灌溉与水资源调控工程技术研究中心,宁夏银川750021 [3]宁夏大学农学院,宁夏银川750021

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2012年第4期26-31,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家科技支撑计划课题(2007BAQ0005501);宁夏自然科学基金(NZ1037);宁夏大学自然科学基金(NDZR10-81)

摘　　要：通过田间试验研究了底墒差异对西瓜生长和产量以及水分利用效率的影响。结果表明：播前适宜的底墒(0～100 cm土层储水量在223～238 mm)可以促进西瓜主蔓长的生长、叶片的发生以及提高西瓜叶面积；播前底墒较丰时(0～100 am土层储水量在283 mm)，不利于西瓜前期的生长。与播前不灌水相比，播前灌水造墒处理不同程度地提高了地上部生物量和西瓜产量；其中播前灌水量达到70 m3／667m2时，西瓜产量和瓜蔓重最大，分别为1 645 kg／667m2和25．4 kg／667m2，相比播前不灌水处理分别提高了30％和49％ 。西瓜水分利用效率随播前土壤储水量增加而降低。Irrigation before sowing for increasing soil moisture is a common method of water supplement for water- melon in the field with mulching gravel around Xiangshan region, Zhongwei in Ningxia. A field experiment was carried out to study the effect of soil water storage before sowing on growth, yield and water use efficiency of watermelon. The re- sults showed that appropriate amount of soil moisture in 0 - 100 cm soil layer （223 ~ 238 mm） could promote main stem growth, leaf occurrence and leaf area increase of watermelon. However, abundant amount of soil water storage was not beneficial for watermelon in the early growing period. Compared with no irrigation treatment, treatment of irrigation before sowing improved watermelon yield and vine to some extent. Watermelon got the highest yield and vine biomass with 70 m3/667m2 irrigation amount, reaching 1 645 kg/667m2 and 25.4 kg/667m2 and the increasing rate was 30% and 49% respectively compared with no irrigation treatment. Nevertheless, water use efficiency of watermelon decreased with the increase of soil water storage amount before sowing.

关 键 词：播前底墒 西瓜 压砂地 生长 产量 

分 类 号：S275[农业科学—农业水土工程] S651.01[农业科学—农业工程]