渭北果园土壤有机质及酶活性研究  

Soil organic matter and enzyme activity in orchards of Weibei

作　　者：石宗琳[1] 王益权[1] 张露[1] 喻建波[1,2] 焦彩强 冉艳玲[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]陕西省果业局,陕西西安710018

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2012年第4期86-91,共6页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：农业部2010年农村能源综合建设项目(1251005507)

摘　　要：为了探讨渭北果园土壤生物质量演化趋势,分析制约地区苹果可持续发展的土壤因素,在渭北旱塬果区选择了〈10 a、10~20 a、〉20 a园龄段苹果园各3个,选用农田土壤作为对照,研究0~100 cm范围内土壤有机质、过氧化氢酶、脲酶、碱性磷酸酶活性的变化趋势。结果表明,随着果树种植年限的增加,果园土壤有机质含量仅在表层0~20 cm有不同程度地累积趋势,且在〉20 a果园累积较为明显;20~40 cm土层处有机质呈现在植果初期递减,20 a后逐渐增加的趋势;果园土壤3种酶活性变化差异主要体现在0~40 cm土层范围,过氧化氢酶活性在0~40 cm呈现递减趋势,且在0~100 cm土层显著高于农田土壤;脲酶活性在0~40 cm有不同程度递增过程,碱性磷酸酶活性在0~40 cm也呈现出相对增高的态势。相关性分析表明土壤有机质与3种酶之间存在着极显著相关。由此得出,渭北地区果树对土壤生物质量的影响主要体现在0~40 cm范围,果园土壤过氧化氢酶活性显著递减和表层土壤脲酶活性增加可能会对苹果树生长产生一定影响。The research is to study the evolution tendency of soil quality in Weibei orchards and to analyse the effect of soil factors on sustainable development of apple trees.Three different ages of apple orchards were selected which were 10a,10～20a,20a in Weibei dry plateau,with the soil in farmland as comparison,and the variation characteristics of soil organic matter,catalase,urease,alkaline phosphatase activity were studied bed-by-bed in 0～100 cm soil layer.With the growing of planting age,the content of soil organic matter was cumulated with varying degree,obviously even accumulated in 20a orchards in 0～20 cm surface layer,and decreased at the preliminary planting time,and increased after 20 years in 20～40 cm layer.The changes of soil enzyme activities of the three kinds of orchards were mainly concentrated in 0～40 cm layer,and catalase activity were decreased in 0～40 cm layer and were significantly less than farmland within 0～100 cm layer,urease activity were increased with varying degree in 0～40 cm layer,and phosphatase activity showed relatively high momentum in 0～40 cm layer.Correlation analysis showed that the soil organic matter was remarkable related with the three soil enzemes.It can be obtained that reducing significantly the catalase activity and increasing urease activity in surface layer may have some effect on the growth of apple trees.

关 键 词：渭北果园 土壤有机质 土壤酶活性 

分 类 号：S154.2[农业科学—土壤学] S661.1[农业科学—农业基础科学]