新引进苹果矮化中间砧木的抗旱性评价  

Evaluation on drought resistance of introduced cultivars of apple dwarf rootstocks

作　　者：赵秀明[1] 王飞[1] 韩明玉[1] 张文娥[1,2] 田治国[3] 赵丹[3] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]贵州大学农学院,贵州贵阳550025 [3]西北农林科技大学林学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《干旱地区农业研究》2012年第4期105-112,共8页Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas

基　　金：国家现代苹果产业技术专项:陕西省苹果工程技术中心(2008ZDGC-0)

摘　　要：以法国新引进的矮化砧木法国1号、2号、3号、4号为中间砧,与当前生产上主要应用的M26中间砧(5号)进行比较研究,通过盆栽试验研究了自然干旱胁迫下5种矮化砧穗组合的外观形态和生理代谢变化及解剖结构的变化。结果表明:胁迫50 d复水后的成活率4号组合最高,为100%,3号组合最低,为75%。随着干旱胁迫的加剧各组合的旱害指数呈上升趋势,胁迫40 d时4号组合的旱害指数最低,为40.00%,3号组合的旱害指数最高,为63.78%;胁迫35 d的光合指标表明4号组合的光合作用最强,3号组合最弱。随着胁迫时间的延长,叶片相对含水量呈降低趋势,其中4号组合下降的最少,3号组合下降的最多;脯氨酸与可溶性蛋白的含量呈上升的趋势,其中4号组合的含量最高,保护酶呈先升高后降低的趋势,3种保护酶之间相互协同作用保护植株。解剖结构的结果表明与抗旱指标呈正相关的指标1号组合和4号组合的值较大。利用隶属函数法通过对5种砧木的多种抗旱指标的综合分析,筛选出抗旱性强的砧穗组合并排序,抗旱性强弱为:4号>1号>5号>2号>3号。Five two-year-old apple drawing stock varieties（F1,F2,F3,F4 and M26）were grafted on the apple rootstock of Mauls prunifolia（Wild.） Bork.Physiological and biochemical indices were measured,and physiological responses of apple rootstocks to drought stress were studied.The results showed that： the survival rate of No.4 was the highest up to 100%,No.3 was the lowest of 75.00% after water stressed 50 d,the drought indices of combinations showed an upward trend as the stress increasing,and the minimum of No.4 was 40.00%,the maximum of No.3 was 63.78%.The photosynthetic indices showed that the photosynthesis of No.4 was the most,while that of No.3 was the weakest.As the stress time was prolonged,the leaf relative water content of combinations decreased,and No.4 was the maxmum,No.3 was the minimum,while proline and soluble protein content of combinations showed a rising trend,and the content of No.4 was the maximum,the trend of protective enzyme was increasing first and then decreasing,the 3 kinds of protective enzyme had synergism to protective plant.The values of No.1 and No.4 were lager of anatomical structure which was positively correlated with drought index.Drought resistance value of apple rootstocks was calculated to compare by the method of membership functions.The sequence of drought resistance was： 41523.

关 键 词：矮化中间砧 抗旱性 隶属函数分析 

分 类 号：S661.101[农业科学—果树学]