20世纪五六十年代中国国防工业优先发展研究  

Research on Priority Development to China's Defense Industry in 1950～1960

作　　者：申晓勇[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学人文学院

出　　处：《当代中国史研究》2012年第4期40-47,125,共8页Contemporary China History Studies

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"中国产业结构演变中的大国因素研究(1949~2010)"(11BJL015);北京理工大学2011年基础科研基金项目(3220012211210)的阶段性成果

摘　　要：新中国成立之初,受近代中国屡遭列强欺凌影响,同时基于国家安全与统一的现实考量,党和政府把大力发展国防工业作为工业化建设的重要内容。围绕建立独立、完整国防工业体系的目标,确立立足国内开发和生产武器的产业政策,集中规划,统一管理;重视技术引进、吸收和自主创新;并确定重点领域,加速尖端武器的研制、生产。同时,以"两弹一星"精神为核心的军工文化提供了巨大的精神动力和激励作用,有助于国防科技自主创新能力的培育。新中国在短时间内建立起比较完备的国防工业体系,基本实现全部常规武器的进口替代,并在尖端武器领域实现重大突破。不论纵向比较还是横向比较,这一阶段新中国国防工业都呈现快速发展的态势。In the early of new China,for the influences from repeated imperialist humiliaitions to modern China and based on the practical considerations of national security and reunification,the party and government of new China regarded vigorous development of the defense industry as an important part of the industrialized constructions.Around the goal to establish independent and integral defense industrial system,the party and government established industrial policy based on the domestic development and production of weapons,adopted centralized planning and unified management,paid great attention to technology introduction,absorption and independent innovation,and identified priority fields to accelerate most sophisticated weapons' development and production.At the same time,the spirit of 'the Two Bombs and One Satellite',as the core of the military industry culture,provided a great spiritual motivation and incentives and contributed to the nurturing of national defense science and technology capability's independent innovations.New China had established a relatively integral system of defense industry in a short time,basically realized the import substitution of all conventional weapons and achieved major breakthroughs in the field of most sophisticated weapons.No matter vertical or lateral comparisons,China's defense industry during this stage had shown a trend of rapid development.

关 键 词：新中国成立之初 国防工业 优先发展 

分 类 号：F426.48[经济管理—产业经济]