浙江省淳安县发生桑叶菌核病的病原与发病规律调查  

An Investigation to Pathogen and Occurrence Regularity of Mulberry Leaf Sclerote Disease Occurring in Chun'an County of Zhejiang Province

作　　者：肖建京[1] 蒯元璋[2,3] 张帆[1] 丰卫忠 

机构地区：[1]淳安县茧丝绸总公司,杭州311700 [2]江苏科技大学,江苏镇江212003 [3]中国农业科学院蚕业研究所,江苏镇江212018 [4]淳安县汾口林场,杭州311719

出　　处：《蚕业科学》2012年第4期610-616,共7页ACTA SERICOLOGICA SINICA

摘　　要：2011年秋季,浙江省淳安县的桑园大面积发生一种罕见的桑叶特大病斑病害。病叶呈现菌核病的典型症状:叶面形成灰褐色轮纹水渍状病斑,病斑随着病情发展以同心圆状向外延伸,颜色由里到外逐渐变深;叶背的灰色圆形病斑可见多个同心圆形绒毛状菌丝体和分生孢子。病斑与病斑外的部分组织以及病斑同心圆上的绒毛状组织于光学显微镜下可观察到菌丝体与分生孢子形态,病斑边缘组织块在PDA培养基上分离培养的病原菌都可观察到菌丝体形成的菌核。依据以上症状和病原真菌分离培养的形态特征,初步诊断该病为桑叶菌核病,病原为富克尔核盘菌[Sclerotinia fuckeliana(de Bary)Fuck.]。调查16个样点的480株桑树,株发病率为81.25%,叶发病率为37.63%,发病指数18.5。9～10月份气温24.4～18.7℃,多阴雨天,加之连片桑园通风透光能力较弱且相对湿度较大的环境条件,病原菌繁衍迅速,病害呈流行之势。尚未发现有明显抗性的桑树品种。An peculiar and severe mulberry leaf spot disease happened in mulberry field of Chun＇an Country, Zhejiang Province in autumn of 2011. The diseased leaves presented typical symptoms of scierote disease： grayish brown, ring pattern and water-soaked disease spots formed on surface of leaves; disease spots extended outward concentrically with onset of disease; color of the disease spots deepened from inside to outside; and many concentric circle-shaped and villous mycelia and conidiospores appeared at grey and round-shaped disease spots on leaf back. Optical microscopic observation confirmed morphology of mycelia and conidiospores in tissues from disease spots, tissues surrounding the disease spots, and villous tissues from concentric circles of the disease spots. Sclerotia formed by mycelium could be observed from pathogens isolated and cultured on PDA medium by using peripheric tissues of the disease spots. Based on the above symptoms and morphological features of isolated and cultured pathoqenic funqus, this disease was identi-fled as mulberry leaf sclerote disease. Its pathogenic fungus was Sclerotinia fuckeliana （de Bary ） Fuck.. A survey conducted to 480 mulberry trees at 16 test sites showed that disease incidence on plants was 81.25%, disease incidence on leaves was 37.63%, and disease index was 18.5. In September and October of 2011, thelocal temperature was 24.4 -18.7 °C and rainy weather continued for a long time. In addition, the local collective mulberry fields had poor ventilation and illumination condition, creating an environment of high relative humidity. Therefore, the pathogenic fungi reproduced rapidly and the disease became epidemic. No mulberry variety has been found to have obvious resistance against it.

关 键 词：桑叶菌核病 富克尔核盘菌 富克尔灰葡萄孢 发病规律 

分 类 号：S888.7[农业科学—特种经济动物饲养]