冷层积和室温干燥贮藏对河西走廊8种荒漠植物种子萌发的影响  

Effects of cold stratification and dry storage at room temperature on seed germination of eight desert species from the Hexi Corridor of China

作　　者：王桔红[1,2] 马瑞君[1] 陈文[1] 

机构地区：[1]韩山师范学院,广东潮州521041 [2]河西学院甘肃省高校河西走廊特色资源利用省级重点实验室,甘肃张掖734000

出　　处：《植物生态学报》2012年第8期791-801,共11页Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31040009);甘肃省自然科学基金项目(1010RJZG204);甘肃省高校河西走廊特色资源利用省级重点实验室基金项目(XZ1013);甘肃省教育厅研究生导师基金项目(1009-08)共同资助

摘　　要：不同贮藏和处理条件对不同植物的种子萌发有不同的影响。该文以河西走廊干旱半干旱区8种荒漠植物为研究对象,探讨了种子经历不同冷层积(4℃、-5℃、-26-10℃)和室温干燥贮藏后的萌发响应。研究结果表明:1)冷层积可使种子萌发率提高、保持不变或降低,冷层积的有效温度下界可降至-5℃或更低。4℃和-5℃的冷层积使多裂骆驼蓬(Peganummultisectum)和驼蹄瓣(Zygophyllum fabago)种子的萌发率升高、萌发速度加快,冬季过低的气温以及较大的温度变幅(-26-10℃)使部分种子萌发率升高。3种冷层积和室温干燥贮藏使黑果枸杞(Lycium ruthenicum)种子萌发率达到90%-100%。唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum)、甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)、苦马豆(Sphaerophysa salsula)种子经过3种冷层积和室温干燥贮藏后萌发率变化较小。中亚紫菀木(Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus)种子对各种贮藏条件的响应不明显,部分种子活性丢失。刺沙蓬(Salsola ruthenica)种子扩散时有较高的萌发率(84%),经-5℃和-26-10℃冷贮藏后,种子仍具有较高的萌发率,经4℃冷贮藏后几乎不萌发,大部分种子活性丢失。2)不同物种的种子经过不同方式的贮藏后,萌发对温度的响应不同。经冷层积后的多裂骆驼蓬种子萌发响应于恒温,驼蹄瓣和刺沙蓬种子萌发更加响应于变温条件;多数植物种子在变温培养下萌发速度慢于恒温下。Aims We investigated seed germination of eight desert plant species of the Hexi Corridor of China following cold-wet stratification and dry storage at room temperature to better understand seed germination and dormancy characteristics and how these species are adapted to their habitat. Methods Seed viability and initial germination percentage of Glycyrrhiza uralensis, Sphaerophysa salsula, Peganum multisectum, Zygophyllum fabago, Nitraria tangutorum, Lycium ruthenicum, Salsola ruthenica and Asterothamnus centrali-asiaticus were determined. Then seeds of these species were divided into four groups （Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ） and stored in a refrigerator （（4 ± 1） ℃, moist）, cold room in winter （（-5 ± 1） ℃, moist）, outdoor in winter （（-26 - 10） ℃, moist） and room temperature （（20 ＋ 1） ℃, dry） for 60 d. Germination was determined un- der a constant （20 ℃） and an alternating temperature regime （25 ℃ / 10 ℃） with 12 h photoperiod （light/dark） for 30 d. Two main germination indices including germination percentage and T50 （half germination time） were recorded. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and the least significant difference test （LSD） at 5% level. Important findings There were three types of seed responses to cold-wet stratification： germination per- centage increased, no change, or decreased. Germination percentage of seeds of P. multisectum and Z. fabago significantly increased following cold-wet stratification of 4 ℃ and -5 ℃, and partially increased following -26 - 10 ℃. Germination percentage of seeds ofL. ruthenicum significantly increased following 4 ℃, -5 ℃, -26 - 10 ℃ and dry storage at room temperature, with germination of 90%-100%. Seeds ofP. multisectum, Z. fabago and L. ruthenicum have slight physiological dormancy. Germination of seeds ofN. tangutorum, G. uralensis and Sphaerophysa salsula slightly changed following three cold-wet stratification. Seeds of Salsola ruthenica with non-dormancy （germinated to 84% before

关 键 词：湿冷层积 荒漠植物 更新 种子萌发 

分 类 号：Q945[生物学—植物学]