汉语完成体的“未完成效应”  

On the incompletion effect of accomplishments in Chinese

作　　者：林巧莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南大学外国语学院,湖南长沙410083

出　　处：《中南大学学报（社会科学版）》2012年第4期155-159,共5页Journal of Central South University：Social Sciences

基　　金：国家社会科学基金(10BYY102);教育部人文社会科学研究青年基金项目(11YJC740121)

摘　　要：汉语完成体的"未完成效应"(IE)既不能证明汉语没有单语素的完成体动词,也不意味着汉语名词具有某种特殊性,或汉语的完成体标记"了"还有"中止"这一语法意义;"了"的句法功能在于对参照时间(Tr)或说话时间(Tu)进行定位,它的语法意义因Tr/Tu的具体位置而异,而后者则取决于动词量级结构的梯度性;IE是"了"将Tr/Tu定位于梯度性量级结构之中的结果,由IE所带来的英汉语差异派生于时制与体的不同语法功能以及两者与量级结构的不同关系。The Incompletion Effect（IE） of accomplishments in Chinese is no proof that Chinese has no monomorphemic accomplishment verbs,or that Chinese nouns are special in some way,or that Chinese perfective aspect marker Le has an extra meaning of ＂termination＂.The syntactic function of Le is to locate the time of reference（Tr） or time of utterance（Tu）,and its grammatical meaning varies in accordance with the different locations of Tr/Tu,which depend on the gradability of the scalar structure of the verb.IE results when Le inserts Tr/Tu in the middle of a gradable scale and the cross-linguistic variation between English and Chinese in relation to,and IE derives from the different functions of tense and aspect and their different relations to a scalar structure.

关 键 词：汉语完成体 “未完成效应” 量级结构 时制 体标记“了” 

分 类 号：H043[语言文字—语言学]