急弯棘豆生物碱成分薄层色谱分析及苦马豆素分离  

The Alkaloids Analysis of Oxytropis deflexa by the Thin-layer Chromatography and Separation of Swainsonine

作　　者：宋岩岩[1] 赵宝玉[1] 路浩[1] 徐向军 拓晓玲 王金玙[1] 李蓉[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学动物医学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]内蒙古阿拉善左旗乌力吉动物卫生监督站,内蒙古阿拉善750322 [3]陕西正大有限公司,陕西三原713800

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第7期25-29,共5页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(31072175);教育部高校博士点基金新教师项目(20100204120018);国家"十二五"公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201203062)

摘　　要：为了探明急弯棘豆的生物碱成分,明确急弯棘豆是否属于疯草类植物,采取醇类溶剂提取法、生物碱系统提取法、薄层色谱分析及平面色谱图像定量分析技术对急弯棘豆生物碱成分进行研究,并采用大孔吸附树脂柱层析方法分离苦马豆素。结果表明,1.25kg急弯棘豆干草粉得到113.35g总浸膏,经酸化和碱化后,碱水液分别经氯仿、乙酸乙酯和正丁醇萃取得到各部分浸膏0.30g、0.20g和5.95g,出膏率分别为0.024%、0.016%和0.476%。各萃取部分经薄层展开、Ehrlich’s试剂显色及软件分析发现,氯仿部分有9个斑点,且斑点3相对含量最大,为40.26%,乙酸乙酯部分有6个斑点,且斑点4相对含量最大,为41.90%,正丁醇部分有3个斑点,且斑点3相对含量最大,为78.26%。上述各斑点均与苦马豆素标准品颜色及Rf值一致。通过柱层析,在正丁醇萃取部分得到苦马豆素51.90mg。结果显示急弯棘豆含有苦马豆素,属于疯草类植物的一种。In order to clarify whether Oxytropis deflexa belongs to the locoweed,alcohols solvent extraction,alkaloid extraction system,TLC analysis and quantitative analysis software were used to analyze the alkaloids in Oxytropis deflexa.Meanwhile,macroporous resin column chromatography was used to separate swainsonine.113.35 g extractum was received from 1.25 kg Oxytropis deflexa.After alkalization and acidizing treatment,the alkaline solution was extracted by chloroform,ethyl acetate and n-butanol,then got the chloroform part for 0.30 g,the ethyl part for 0.20 g and the n-butanol part for 5.95 g,at the rate of 0.24 thousandth,0.16 thousandth and 4.76 thousandth,respectively.Through thin-layer chromatography and calculating,there are 9 spots colored by Ehrlich’s agent in chloroform part（spot 3 holds the maximum content and the percentage is 40.26%）;6 spots in ethyl acetate part（spot 4 holds the maximum content and the percentage is 41.90%）;3 spots in ethyl acetate part（spot 3 holds the maximum content and the percentage is 78.26%）.Compared with the standard sample of swainsonine,the spots above all kept the same color and Rf value,and 51.90 mg swainsonine was received from the n-butanol part through column chromatography.So,Oxytropis deflexa contains swainsonine and belongs to the locoweed.

关 键 词：急弯棘豆 生物碱 薄层色谱 柱色谱 苦马豆素 

分 类 号：R284[医药卫生—中药学]