矮化型、短枝型和柱型苹果苗枝芽特性和叶片特征比较  

Comparison of Branch,Bud and Leaf Characteristics of the Dwarf-type,Spur-type and Columnar Young Apple Trees

作　　者：侯玉珏[1] 张晓云[1] 赵彩平[1] 韩明玉[1] 刘小媛[1] 邢利博[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学园艺学院,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第7期134-137,共4页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：科技部国家成果转化项目(2011GB23600009);农业部产业技术体系项目(CARS-28)

摘　　要：为加深对苹果各种生长型的认识,以矮化型(长富2号/M26)、短枝型(福岛短枝)和柱型(鲁加6号)3种苹果生长型嫁接苗为试材,对其枝、芽和叶片的特征进行比较研究。结果表明,三者在株高上有极显著差异,矮化型>短枝型>柱型,但在主干粗度方面差异不显著;主干节间的差异也很明显,3种类型之间差异均达到极显著水平,矮化型最高,而柱型最低;在萌芽率和成枝力方面,柱型萌芽率最高,成枝力最低,而矮化型的萌芽率最低,成枝力最高,差异均达极显著水平;在叶片特征上,柱型品种的叶面积及叶长、叶宽均显著大于其他两种,而短枝型叶片的单位面积干、鲜质量均极显著高于其他两种类型。Three kinds of growth type of apple young trees,dwarf-type,spur-type and columnar were used as material to investigate the characteristics of branches,buds and leaves.The results indicated that the height of trees and internode length of branches had significant difference among the three types,showing dwarf-type〉 spur-type〉columnar;but stem diameter of trunks did not show obvious differences among the three types.The germination rate of columnar type apple tree was significantly higher than those of other two types,while its branching rate was the lowest.The germination rate of dwarf-type apple tree was the lowest,but its branching rate was the highest.The characteristics of the leaves,leaf area,leaf length and width of columnar type apple tree were obviously larger than those of other two types;dry and fresh mass per unit area of spur-type leaf were higher than those of other two types.

关 键 词：苹果苗木 形态特征 矮化型 短枝型 柱型 

分 类 号：S661.1[农业科学—果树学]