施肥对山地红枣林土壤微生物区系及酶活性的影响  

Impacts of Fertilization on soil Microorganism Quantities and Enzyme Activities in Jujube Forest of Hillside

作　　者：栾晓波[1] 徐福利[1,2,3] 汪有科[2,3] 李慧杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]西北农林科技大学资源环境学院,陕西杨凌712100 [2]西北农林科技大学 [3]中国科学院 水利部水土保持研究所,陕西杨凌712100

出　　处：《西北农业学报》2012年第7期149-154,184,共7页Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica

基　　金：“十二五”国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD29B04);陕西省科技统筹创新工程项目(2011KTCL02-02)

摘　　要：采用田间试验与室内分析方法,研究施肥对山地红枣林土壤微生物区系及酶活性的影响。结果表明,施肥显著提高不同土层(0～20cm、20～40cm和40～60cm)中土壤微生物数量和酶活性(P<0.05),单一施肥与氮磷钾配施对土壤微生物区系和酶活性的影响有显著差异(P<0.05)。红枣林在施肥处理下土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌数量较CK样地均有不同程度增加:0～20cm土层微生物数量变化明显,其中N221.0P2O5272.7K2O 303.0和N303.7K2O 180.5两组处理的效果最明显。施肥处理下的土壤磷酸酶、蔗糖酶、脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性均比CK有显著增加(P<0.05),N221.0P2O5272.7K2O 303.0和N303.7K2O 180.5处理的土壤磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性最高,P2O5272.7处理的土壤脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高。土壤纵向分析表明,0～60cm土层土壤细菌、放线菌和真菌数量和土壤脲酶、磷酸酶、蔗糖酶活性均随深度增加而降低。N221.0P2O5272.7K2O303.0配施处理能明显提高枣园土壤微生物数量及磷酸酶和蔗糖酶活性。This paper studied effects of fertilization treatments on soil enzyme activity and the microorganisms in the field.The results show that the soil microorganism quantity and enzyme activity in soil profile of 0-20 cm,20-40 cm and 40-60 cm were affected obviously by fertilization,and the combined fertilization had significant effects than single component fertilization.Compared with the control（CK）,different fertilizer treatments had different increase rates for the numbers of soil bacteria,fungi and actinomyces,and obvious changes of microorganism quantity were detected in 0-20 cm layer,this trend was obvious for treatments of N221.0 P2O5272.7 K2O 303.0 and N303.7 K2O 180.5.The activities of soil phosphatase,invertase,urease and catalase in different fertilization treatments were higher than CK,and the treatments of N221.0 P2O5 272.7 K2O 303.0 and N303.7 K2O 180.5 showed the highest activities of soil phosphatase and invertase,and the treatment of P2O5272.7 showed the highest activities of soil urease and catalase activity.At 0-60 cm profile range,the quantity of soil bacteria,fungi,and actinomyces and the activity of soil urease,phosphatase,and invertase gradually reduced with soil depth.In conclusion,N221.0 P2O5 272.7 K2O 303.0 fertilizer treatment can obviously improve quantity of soil microorganism analyzed and activities of phosphatase and invertase.

关 键 词：黄土高原 红枣林 施肥 土壤酶活性 土壤微生物区系 

分 类 号：S665.1[农业科学—果树学]