天下—世界——从概念变迁看近代东亚世界图景之变更  

.The Conflict between “Shi-jie” and “Tian-xia”:On the Change of the East Asiatic World Picture in Modern Times

作　　者：鲍永玲[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]复旦大学哲学学院 [2]上海社会科学院哲学研究所

出　　处：《哲学分析》2012年第4期76-88,198,共13页Philosophical Analysis

基　　金：2011年上海市社科规划青年课题(项目编号:2011EZX001);教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地2011年度重大项目《汉语与中国思想的特质:中国当代文化建设的语言哲学向度》(项目编号:11JJD720012)中期成果

摘　　要：东亚传统"天下"观的视角实质乃是俯视,展现为"天圆地方"、"天地平行"的世界图景并内蕴天、地、人三才以及人应抚育万物的核心价值观。在汉传佛教里,"世界"却代表一种大圆立体、时空融合的多元多重的形上宇宙结构,其世界图景乃是作为莲花形、以几何级数增长而构建的诸多"大千世界",并无固定的视角和绝对的中心。汉传佛教"世界"概念所内蕴的多元多重文化观,给近代东亚语境里急剧的世界图景之变更提供了核心理论资源。在近代传教士将其与"world"等词对译的实践里,它最终成为摧毁东亚古典天下观的一柄利器。The essence of the traditional view of 'Tian-xia'(i.e.under heaven or empire) comes from an idea of overlooking land from heaven.Since the Zhou dynasty the ancient Chinese culture had made a world picture consisting of the round sky,the square earth,and human beings between the parallel Heaven and earth.At the same time,the Indian Buddhism gradually developed a multi-central metaphysical structure of the world:a trisāhasra-mahāsāhasra-lokadhātu(or great trichiliocosm) consisting of numerous worlds,which existed and interconnected with each other in the form of lotus blooms.The term 'Shi-jie' first appeared in China with the introduction of Indian Buddhism into ancient China in the Eastern Han dynasty.Since then,its meaning had undergone a great change.In modern times,the Catholic and Protestant missionaries translated 'Shi-jie' as 'World'.In the end,it replaced the ancient thinking of 'Tian-xia' in East Asia.

关 键 词：世界 普天之下 世界图景 

分 类 号：B948[哲学宗教—宗教学] K31[历史地理—历史学]