大兴安岭北部火烧迹地兴安落叶松人工林土壤水文效应  

Soil Hydrology Characteristics of Larix gmelinii Plantation in Burned Forestland in the North of Greater Xing'an Mountains

作　　者：韩雪成[1] 赵雨森[1] 辛颖[1] 陈强[1] 刘曼[1] 

机构地区：[1]东北林业大学林学院,哈尔滨150040

出　　处：《水土保持学报》2012年第4期183-188,共6页Journal of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划项目"重度退化生态系统恢复与重建关键技术研究与示范"(2011BAD08B02)

摘　　要：对大兴安岭北部火烧迹地落叶松人工林土壤水文效应进行初步研究,结果表明:(1)未火烧落叶松天然林枯落物积累量最高,为56.21t/hm2,其次为1988年落叶松人工林,为58.37t/hm2,最低为2000年落叶松人工林,为20.19t/hm2。表现出随火烧年限的减少而降低。最大持水量的变动范围为62.24～286.15t/hm2,1988年落叶松人工林最高,2000年落叶松人工林最低,而未火烧落叶松天然林为184.40t/hm2。表现出火烧后20年落叶松人工林枯落物持水量已达到未火烧天然林水平。(2)枯落物吸水速度在开始1h内较快,6h后下降速度逐渐减慢。枯落物持水量与浸泡时间呈明显对数关系,吸水速率与浸泡时间呈明显幂函数关系。(3)土壤容重表现为随着火烧年限的减少而增加的趋势,未火烧天然林最低,为0.80g/cm3,2000年落叶松人工林最高,为0.97g/cm3。土壤孔隙度变化趋势与土壤容重相反。土壤蓄水能力与土壤容重变化趋势相同。(4)土壤入渗用霍顿公式拟合较好。A preliminary study of hydrological effects of litters layer and soil layer of Larix gmelinii planta- tion in burned forestland in the north of Greater Xing an mountains shows that： （1）The statistic of litter accumulation in unburned forestland was the highest which is up to 56.21 t/hm2 , followed by Larix grnelinii plantation growed in 1988, and the one of the plantation growed in 2000 was the lowest to 20.19 t/hm2. That was to say, the earlier the fire occurred, the less the accumulation of litter was. The maximum water holding capacity was about 62.24~286.15 t/hm2 , the plantation growed in 1988 was the bigest, and the plantation growed in 2000 was the smallest, meanwhile, the unburned forestland was 184.40 t/hm2. 20-year burned forstland had already the same level with the unburned forestland. （2）In the first hour, the litter＇s absorption rate was the highest, the rate was obviously slowed down after 6 h. Water holding capacity and soaking time of without decomposition litter and semi-decomposition litter both had visible logarithmic relationship, the relationship of absorption rate and immersion time was power function. （3）The earlier the fire occurred, the smaller the soil bulk density was. The unburned forestland had the smallest soil bulk density which was 0.80 g/cm3 , while the number of plantation growed in 2000 was 0.97 g/cm3. Soil porosity change was opposite to the soil bulk density, and the soil water storage capacity change was the same with the soil bulk density. （4）Using Horton model could fit soil infiltration well.

关 键 词：大兴安岭 火烧迹地 兴安落叶松 枯落物 土壤 水文效应 

分 类 号：S715.7[农业科学—林学]